仝秋娟 李萌 趙豈
摘 ?要: 針對粒子群算法存在收斂速度慢、收斂精度低且易收斂到局部極值的問題,提出一種基于分類思想的粒子群改進算法。該算法將粒子適度值和適度值均值做差與適度值標準差進行比較,從而將粒子所在區域劃分為拒絕域、親近域、合理域。根據不同區域中粒子的特點選取不同慣性權重和學習因子,使粒子高效地選擇自身經驗或種群經驗,合理增強或減弱粒子全局搜索能力和局部搜索能力。數值實驗結果表明,與其他粒子群改進算法相比,新的分類粒子群算法有效加快了粒子的收斂速度,提高了算法的收斂精度,有效改善了算法尋優性能。
關鍵詞: 粒子群優化; 參數改進; 適度值; 適度值均值; 適度值標準差; 粒子分類; 有效經驗
中圖分類號: TN911.1?34; TP18 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼: A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號: 1004?373X(2019)19?0011?04
Abstract: In order to solve the problems of slow convergence speed, low convergence precision and easy convergence to local extremum, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on classification is proposed. The difference between the moderate value and the mean of moderate value is compared with the standard deviation of moderate value in this algorithm, then the region where the particles are located is divided into rejection domain, close proximity domain, and reasonable domain. According to the characteristics of particles in different regions, different inertia weights and learning factors are selected to ensure that the particles can efficiently select their own experience or population experience, and reasonably enhance or weaken the global search ability and the local search ability of the particles. The numerical results show that, in comparison with other particle swarm optimization algorithms, the proposed particle swarm optimization algorithm can more effectively accelerate the convergence speed of particles, and improve the convergence precision and optimization performance of the algorithm.
Keywords: particle swarm optimization; parameter improvement; moderate value; mean of the moderate value; standard deviation of moderate value; particle classification; effective experience
粒子群優化算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)是受到鳥魚群搜索食物策略的啟發而提出的一種群智能優化算法[1]。它以隨機解為出發點,用適度值評價解的優劣,通過迭代尋找最優解。相比其他智能算法,PSO算法設置參數少、迭代快、易理解、工程上易實現。目前PSO算法在函數優化[2]、神經網絡訓練[3]、圖像處理[4]以及其他工程領域都得到了廣泛應用。但該算法沒有嚴格的理論指導,收斂精度低、易收斂到局部極值。對此,學者們提出各種改進算法,有基于模式結構的改進、基于種群多樣性的改進、基于參數改進等[5?7]。其中,對算法參數的改進是一個重要方向。文獻[8]先將慣性權重系數引入粒子速度更新公式中,后又加以改進,使慣性權重系數線性遞減[9],有效加快了算法收斂速度。文獻[10]提出基于時間變化的學習因子的改進,動態調節前后期粒子的搜索策略,加快了算法的收斂速度,但在多峰函數中極易陷入局部最優。文獻[11]提出一種用正弦函數調節慣性權重的改進算法,提高了算法的收斂速度。但是這些方法在收斂精度上依然有所欠缺。



綜上所述,無論是在求解單峰函數還是復雜的多峰函數,基于分類思想的改進算法在收斂速度和收斂精度上整體優于另外三種算法。
本文提出一種基于分類思想的粒子群優化算法,改變了傳統算法中粒子采取統一迭代公式的做法,針對不同區域的粒子,利用不同的慣性權重系數和學習因子對粒子的全局尋優能力和局部尋優能力進行合理地調整。實驗結果表明,相比一些傳統的算法,新算法不僅收斂速度有所提升,收斂精度也有所提高,算法尋優性能明顯改善。將此算法應用到其他領域是下一步的研究方向。
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