be-MINE：貝靈恩的后礦業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，林堡省，比利時(shí)

杰倫·海斯曼斯 文/Text by Jeroen Huysmans

尚晉 譯/Translated by SHANG Jin

be-MINE 項(xiàng)目將比利時(shí)貝靈恩市原有的硬煤礦進(jìn)行了再利用。其現(xiàn)有的保護(hù)建筑面積達(dá)10hm2，是佛蘭德地區(qū)工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)薈萃之地。這里的采煤業(yè)始于1922 年，鼎盛時(shí)期雇有6796 名礦工，1987 年關(guān)閉。時(shí)至今日，這里的特色是已被列為遺跡的高大雄偉的建筑：兩座礦坑、一座洗煤廠和發(fā)電廠。盡管每座建筑都面對(duì)著承載新功能的挑戰(zhàn)，但歷史的遺產(chǎn)為其增添了價(jià)值，并構(gòu)成了be-MINE 項(xiàng)目獨(dú)一無(wú)二的賣(mài)點(diǎn)。

在煤礦關(guān)閉后，遺址衰敗了20 余年。除了志愿者（原先的煤礦工人）開(kāi)辦的一座小博物館之外，遺址凄凄切切、與世隔絕，成為該地區(qū)后礦業(yè)復(fù)興失敗的象征。2009 年，發(fā)展商LRM 公司、Ciril公司、Van Roey 房地產(chǎn)公司通過(guò)一個(gè)PPP 項(xiàng)目發(fā)起行動(dòng)，與貝靈恩市和林堡省緊密合作，啟動(dòng)了這個(gè)復(fù)興項(xiàng)目。

今天，這些建筑和開(kāi)放空間獲得了新的生命。原來(lái)40hm2的煤礦與貝靈恩的城市肌理通過(guò)舊工業(yè)建筑內(nèi)外的居住區(qū)（5hm2）、購(gòu)物區(qū)（1.8hm2，2016 年度購(gòu)物區(qū)類獲獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)目，比利時(shí)盧森堡購(gòu)物中心委員會(huì)）、學(xué)校及全天候多日娛樂(lè)區(qū)（5hm2）的均衡混合重新連接起來(lái)。該娛樂(lè)區(qū)包括一個(gè)室內(nèi)跳水和攀巖中心、游泳池、山地車(chē)道、地方遺產(chǎn)體驗(yàn)線路、旅游辦事處、冒險(xiǎn)游樂(lè)場(chǎng)以及原先“廢料堆”上的地標(biāo)建筑。后者是2016年世界最佳景觀項(xiàng)目（世界景觀建筑獎(jiǎng)，WLA）。不久之后還會(huì)建造一座酒店及大量餐飲設(shè)施。2017 年，be-MINE 榮獲國(guó)際房地產(chǎn)職業(yè)人市場(chǎng)（MIPIM）“最佳城市再生項(xiàng)目”獎(jiǎng)。總規(guī)劃由UAU Collectiv 負(fù)責(zé)；每個(gè)子項(xiàng)目都是設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽的一個(gè)主題，并由不同的建筑師實(shí)施。

be-MINE 項(xiàng)目為城市和地區(qū)帶來(lái)了多種益處。它有助于通過(guò)再利用保護(hù)工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)、為周邊地區(qū)帶來(lái)服務(wù)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施提升，并容納在ELA 三角區(qū)（埃因霍芬、魯汶和亞琛）中心的貝靈恩不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口。be-MINE 項(xiàng)目將提供多達(dá)400 個(gè)新住宅單元，并創(chuàng)造了300 個(gè)工作崗位，未來(lái)預(yù)計(jì)總數(shù)將達(dá)到500 個(gè)崗位。be-MINE 項(xiàng)目顯著促進(jìn)了城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整——這座城市在礦業(yè)衰落之后，失業(yè)率曾長(zhǎng)期高于佛蘭德地區(qū)的平均值，直到最近才有所改善。最后，很重要的一點(diǎn)是，該項(xiàng)目推動(dòng)了正在發(fā)展中的地區(qū)娛樂(lè)經(jīng)濟(jì)。林堡省擁有多個(gè)國(guó)家公園和一條連接7 座礦業(yè)遺址、人稱“運(yùn)煤鐵道”的高質(zhì)量自行車(chē)網(wǎng)絡(luò)——而be-MINE 項(xiàng)目是其中一顆閃亮的明珠。□

1 全景/Overall view（圖片來(lái)源/Sources: Easycopters）

2 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view（圖片來(lái)源/Sources: Easycopters）

3 設(shè)計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型前/Before designing transformation

4 設(shè)計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型意向/Designing transformation image（繪圖/Rendering: UAU Collectiv）

5-7 be-MINE的自行車(chē)活動(dòng)/Cycling in be-MINE

The be-MINE project redevelops a former colliery of hard coal mining in the city of Beringen,Belgium. Containing 10hm2of existing listed floor surface, it is by far the biggest concentration of industrial heritage in Flanders. Mining started here in 1922, employed 6,796 miners in its heydays and closed down in 1987. Till today, the site is characterised by its monumental and majestic buildings listed as monuments: two pitheads, a coal washery and power plant. Even though each building constitutes a challenge to house new functions, the historic legacies add value and make-up the unique selling point of the be-MINE project.

After the colliery's closure, the site was falling apart for more than two decades. Besides a small museum ran by volunteers (former coal mining workers), the site was desolate and isolated, being a symbol for the failure of post-mining revitalisation in the region. In 2009, the developers LRM NV,Ciril NV, Van Roey Vastgoed NV, took initiative throughout a PPP-project in close cooperation with the city of Beringen and the Province of Limburg,and launched the project of revitalisation.

Today, the buildings and open spaces obtain new life. The 40hm2of the former colliery are reconnected to the urban fabric of Beringen through a balanced mix of residential developments (5hm2),a retail park (1.8hm2, winner 2016 of the category Retail Parks, Belgian Luxembourg Council of Retail and Shopping Centres), a school and a multiday all-weather leisure offer (5hm2), in and around the former industrial buildings. The latter consists of an indoor diving and climbing centre, a swimming pool, a mountain bike trail, a provincial heritage experience route, a tourism office, an adventurous play-scape and landmark on the former "terril".The latter was awarded as the best landscape project of the world in 2016 (the World Landscape Architecture Award, WLA). Soon, there will be also a hotel and extensive F&B facilities. In 2017, be-MINE has won the MIPIM (Le marché international des professionnels de l’immobilier ) award for the category of "best urban regeneration project". The head master planner are "UAU Collectiv"; every sub-project was topic of design competitions and realised by different architects.

The be-MINE project offer multiple benefits to the city and the region. It helps protecting the industrial heritage by re-developments, improves the services and infrastructure for the immediate surroundings and houses the growing population,which moves to Beringen as the middle of the ELA triangle (Eindhoven, Leuven, and Aachen).The be-MINE project will provide up to 400 new residential entities. Moreover, with 300 jobs realised and a total estimate of 500 jobs in the future, be-MINE significantly contributes to the economic restructuring of the city - a city, where after mining the unemployment rate were always higher than in the average of Flanders until recently. Finally yet importantly, the project contributes to the developing leisure economy of the region. The province of Limburg contains several natural parks and a high-quality cycling network connecting seven former mining sites as the so-called "Kolenspoor" -and be-MINE is a valuable part of that. □

8-10 be-MINE的娛樂(lè)設(shè)施/Entertainments in be-MINE（8.9圖片來(lái)源/Sources: Sportoase be-MINE Beringen，10圖片來(lái)源/Sources: TODI Diving Centre）

11 地圖/Map

12 室內(nèi)攀巖中心/Indoor climbing centre（圖片來(lái)源/Sources:Alpamayo Climbing Centre）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

開(kāi)發(fā)公司/Development Company: Company Submitting the Entry be-MINE NV

開(kāi)發(fā)商投資方/Developer-shareholders: LRM NV, Ciril NV,Van Roey Vastgoed NV

主要政府投資方 /Major Government Stakeholders: City of Beringen, Province of Limburg

建筑與總體規(guī)劃者/Architect-Masterplanner: UAU Collectiv

施工時(shí)間/Construction Date: 2009.01.01

項(xiàng)目交付時(shí)間/Project Delivery Date: 5年內(nèi)/Less than 5 years

總建筑面積/Gross Floor Area: 118,000m2

用地面積/Land Area: 400,000m2

評(píng)論

賀龍：娛樂(lè)功能的注入，是成全be-MINE項(xiàng)目二次復(fù)興的關(guān)鍵因素。這種成功不僅僅表現(xiàn)在業(yè)態(tài)上的理性補(bǔ)充或者商業(yè)上的吸金亮點(diǎn)，更為可貴的是，娛樂(lè)功能的注入，徹底地激活了項(xiàng)目的空間魅力和景觀活力。娛樂(lè)項(xiàng)目在加強(qiáng)園區(qū)內(nèi)建筑空間對(duì)話的同時(shí)，也完成了園區(qū)與北側(cè)土丘的景觀互動(dòng)。這種功能與形式的默契，讓人很難猜想到當(dāng)初的設(shè)計(jì)邏輯：到底是功能誘發(fā)了形式，還是形式喚醒了功能？

張杰：將廢礦坑轉(zhuǎn)變成別致的景觀已成為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)遺跡改造利用的典型模式之一，貝靈恩市老煤礦的改造可以說(shuō)把這一做法推向了極致。這一改造項(xiàng)目不但將廢棄的礦場(chǎng)改造成了獨(dú)特的景觀，還利用地形巧妙地布置了多樣的娛樂(lè)功能，使工業(yè)廢地“景觀”呈現(xiàn)出極具活力的景象。如果說(shuō)原始的“廢料場(chǎng)”容易成為警匪片的格斗地點(diǎn)的話，那么改造后的貝靈恩市老煤礦“廢料堆”則為都市的人們開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的冒險(xiǎn)游樂(lè)園。

Comments

HE Long: The introduction of the entertainment function serves as the critical factor for the revitalisation of the be-MINE project. Its success does not merely lie in the rational supplement to the industrial models or the profit it brings, but also thanks to the introduction of the entertainment function that helps to completely activate the glamour of the space and the vitality of the landscape (which is more valuable). While the entertainment strengthens the dialogue between the architectural space in the park, it completes the interaction between the park and the northern earth mound at the same time. The tacit understanding of the form and function renders the guess of the original design logic difficult: Whether the form was induced by the function, or did the form rouse the function? (Translated by Dandan Wang)

ZHANG Jie: The transformation of waste pit into unique landscape has become one of the paradigms of modern industrial relic reconstruction and utilisation, and be-MINE has arguably pushed this method to the extreme.This renovation project not only transforms the abandoned colliery into a unique landscape, but also makes use of the terrain cleverly by arranging a variety of entertainment functions, making the "landscape" of industrial waste land a very dynamic scene. If the former "scrapyard" is an easy fight spot for cop movies, the converted "scrapheap" at Beringen's colliery offers a unique adventure amusement park for city dwellers. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)

13 停車(chē)場(chǎng)/Parking

14 原“廢料堆”上的地標(biāo)建筑/Landmark on the former"terril"（攝影/Photo: Jonathan Vaes）