吳淵 高楊


[摘要]目的:對需要進行前牙矯治的安氏Ⅱ類1分類患者使用微種植體作為支抗,觀察該種植體作為支抗對內收患者前牙的效果。方法:選取2015年5月-2018年5月筆者醫院收治的需要行前牙矯治的61例安氏Ⅱ類1分類錯牙合畸形患者為研究對象,按照隨機數表法分為對照組30例[采用直絲弓矯治(MBT)系統+傳統口外弓支抗]和微種植組31例(采用MBT+微種植體支抗)。觀察比較兩組矯治前后的前牙矯治效果。結果:微種植組的總矯治時間為(20.64±1.49)個月,明顯低于對照組的(24.31±2.28)個月 (P<0.01);兩組治療后的上下齒槽座角(ANB)、牙合平面與SN平面夾角(OP-SN)、上唇突度(ULP)、下唇突度(LLP)、上中切牙切緣至NA連線垂直距離(U1-NA)及翼上頜裂后緣至上頜磨牙遠中鄰面垂直距離(Ptm-U6)水平均明顯低于治療前(均P<0.05),而兩組治療后的Z角度則明顯高于治療前(P<0.05);微種植組治療后的OP-SN角度、ULP、LLP、U1-NA及Ptm-U6水平均明顯低于對照組(均P<0.05),微種植組治療后的Z角度則明顯高于對照組(P<0.05)。結論:微型種植體不僅能為安氏Ⅱ類1分類錯牙合畸形患者建立理想的咬合關系,增強支抗效果,還能縮短前牙矯治時間,使顏面部外側貌更加美觀,具有臨床應用價值。
[關鍵詞]錯牙合畸形:安氏Ⅱ類1分類;前牙矯治;微種植體;支抗
[中圖分類號]R783.5 ? ?[文獻標志碼]A ? ?[文章編號]1008-6455(2019)11-0096-03
Abstract: Objective ?For patients with Class II division I who need anterior teeth treatment, micro-implants were used as anchorages and the effect of the implants as anchorages on the anterior teeth of patients was observed. Methods ?From May 2015 to May 2018, 61 patients with Angle classII division I malocclusion in our hospital who needed to be corrected for anterior teeth were selected as the main research objects.According to the method of random number, 30 cases of control group were divided into two groups using straight wire to treat traditional external arch Anchorage +(MBT) system and 31 cases in microimplant group (using MBT+ Microimplant Anchorage).Observation and comparison of the curative effect of anterior teeth in the two groups before and after orthodontic treatment. Results ?The total correction time of microimplant group was (20.64±1.49) months, significantly lower than the control group [(24.31±2.28) months,P<0.01];After the treatment, ?levels of upper and lower groove seat angle (ANB),the occlusal plane and SN plane angle (OP-SN), upper lip mutation(ULP), lower lip mutation(LLP),Vertical distance from upper incisor to NA line (U1-NA) and Vertical distance from the posterior edge of the pterygomaxillary fissure to the distal side of the maxillary molar (Ptm-U6) were significantly lower than those before the treatment (all P<0.05).The Z angle after treatment in both groups was significantly higher than that before treatment (P<0.05).The levels of OP-SN angle, ULP,LLP, U1-NA and Ptm-U6 in the microimplant group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05).The Z angle of microimplant group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion ?Micro-implants can not only establish an ideal occlusion relationship for patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion, but also enhance the effect of anchorage, shorten the anterior teeth treatment time, make the appearance of the facial appearance more beautiful, and have clinical application value.?
本研究結果顯示:微種植組矯治時間、治療后的頭影測量軟硬及牙齒指標(OP-SN角度、ULP、LLP、Z角度、U1-NA及Ptm-U6)水平均優于對照組(均P<0.05)。國內研究[14]指出:與傳統支抗相比,微種植體組SNA、SNB、OB、OL等指標改善程度均優于對照組,且其治療效果也明顯高于傳統支抗組。可見與傳統支抗比,微型種植能有效改善患者的前牙擁擠,最大程度改善患者的覆牙合、覆蓋關系,為前牙內收提供足夠的支抗力。其中,微種植組治療時間及OP-SN角度均明顯低于對照組(P<0.05)。國內也曾[15]報道稱傳統支抗會在錯牙合矯治過程中可使牙合平面發生順時針旋轉,而微種植體支抗則更能有效控制牙合平面。提示與傳統支抗相比,微種植體不僅可以通過加強支抗內收前牙,縮短矯正時間,有效控制牙合平面,滿足內收前牙所需支抗力。而本研究結果還顯示:兩組治療后的ANB、ULP、LLP,明顯優于治療前(P<0.05);且微種植組上述指標變化均明顯優于對照組(P<0.05)。國內研究[16]也曾表明:微種植體可促進上下唇內收,鼻唇角加大,改善患者側貌。反映出兩種支抗均能夠改善上、下唇突度,起到上切牙與上頜骨內收的效果。而微種植組上唇突度水平、下唇突度的降低水平更明顯,說明微種植支抗更能促進前牙內收,保證顏面側貌的外形美觀,符合其他研究結果。本研究結果還顯示:微種植組U1-NA及Ptm-U6水平均明顯低于對照組。國內[17]研究也曾指出使用微型種植體支抗可以明顯降低U6-Ptm,內收安氏Ⅱ類錯牙合上切牙及上頜骨,改善顏面部突度及覆牙合覆蓋關系。提示微種植組前牙內收效果更為理想,支抗作用更強,可使顏面部軟組織側貌恢復美觀。同時微種植組上頜磨牙矢狀方向移動較低,提示微種植組對于后牙的影響較小。
綜上所述,對安氏Ⅱ類1分類錯牙合畸形患者使用微型種植體支抗的矯正效果理想,不僅能為患者建立良好的咬頜關系,還能有效控制牙合平面,縮短矯正時間,保證顏面部美觀,具有臨床應用價值。但本研究尚存不足,如研究樣本較小,未深入分析不同的植入方式對支抗效果的影響等,以上內容均需進一步的大樣本研究。
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[收稿日期]2019-02-11
本文引用格式:吳淵,高楊.安氏Ⅱ類1分類患者前牙矯治過程中使用微種植體作支抗的效果研究[J].中國美容醫學,2019,28(11):96-99.