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入侵安徽省草地貪夜蛾的遺傳分析

2019-11-27 09:34:54徐麗娜胡本進蘇賢巖
植物保護 2019年5期

徐麗娜 胡本進 蘇賢巖

摘要 2019年5月17日在安徽省黃山市黃山區發現草地貪夜蛾為害春玉米,首次證實草地貪夜蛾入侵安徽。本研究采集安徽省7市13縣(區)草地貪夜蛾樣本共167份,利用線粒體細胞色素C氧化酶亞基Ⅰ基因(cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ, COⅠ),以及位于Z染色體上的磷酸甘油醛異構酶基因(triosephosphate isomerase, Tpi)兩個分子標記對樣品的群體遺傳特征進行分析。基于線粒體COⅠ基因分析結果顯示,安徽省草地貪夜蛾樣本中86.23%是水稻型,13.77%是玉米型,而且安徽地區樣品COⅠ序列特征與美國佛羅里達州種群高度一致。針對水稻型和玉米型的Tpi基因序列10 個差異單倍型位點進行分析,發現安徽草地貪夜蛾樣品Tpi基因的第3和4位差異單倍型位點有3種不同類型。其中118個樣本為玉米型(AT),20個樣本為水稻型(GA),29個樣本為雜合型(AT/GA),但根據差異單倍型位點的數量判斷,所有樣品仍屬于玉米型。草地貪夜蛾在原產地的多種寄主,如玉米、水稻、大豆、棉花等,在安徽省均有種植,該蟲對安徽省糧食生產構成巨大安全隱患。

關鍵詞 草地貪夜蛾; 分子鑒定; 玉米型; 水稻型

中圖分類號: S 433.4 ?文獻標識碼: A ?DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019348

Abstract On 17th May, 2019, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith), was observed on damaged corn plants in Huangshan district, which meant the invasion of the S.frugiperda was confirmed in Anhui province for the first time. In this study, a total of 167 samples of S.frugiperda were collected from 7 cities in Anhui province. The population genetic characteristics of the collected samples were analyzed by using mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ gene (COⅠ), and glyceraldehyde phosphate isomerase gene (Tpi) located on the Z chromosome. Based on analysis of COⅠgene, the 86.23% of S.frugiperda in Anhui province was identified as rice strain and 13.77% was corn strain, respectively. In addition, the COⅠsequence characteristics of S.frugiperda in Anhui province was highly consistent with that of the population in Florida, USA.Based on the 10 different haplotype loci of Tpi gene sequences, which were used to define the subpopulations of S.frugiperda, three different types were exited at the haplotype loci 3 and 4 of Tpi gene. Among them, 118 samples were corn strain haplotype (AT), 20 samples were rice strain haplotype (GA), and 29 samples were hybrid type (AT/GA). However, all the collected samples were still belonged to corn strain, according to the number of different haplotype. Various hosts of S.frugiperda in the origin place, such as corn, rice, soybean and cotton, are cultivated in Anhui province. Therefore, this insect poses a huge potential security hazard to the grain production of Anhui province.

Key words Spodoptera frugiperda; molecular identification; corn strain; rice strain

2019年1月11日,在我國云南省普洱市江城縣首次發現草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)為害玉米[1],此后該蟲在我國的為害范圍迅速擴大。2019年5月17日,在黃山市黃山區仙源鎮洋家村首次發現草地貪夜蛾在安徽省為害玉米,至今安徽全省已有12市57區(縣)發現該蟲為害,發生面積達到1.1萬 hm2。

草地貪夜蛾幼蟲食量大、食性雜,可為害76科353種寄主植物[2],其中玉米、高粱、水稻、小麥、大豆、棉花、牧草均是其在原產地美洲的主要寄主。在其原產地美洲,草地貪夜蛾有玉米型和水稻型兩種生物型,兩種生物型在寄主偏好、雌性信息素成分、交配行為等生物學及生理學特征方面具有較為明顯的差異[3-4],該蟲2016年侵入非洲,目前兩種亞型均已在非洲定殖為害[5]。雖然安徽省目前僅在玉米田發現草地貪夜蛾為害,但入侵廣東省的草地貪夜蛾種群中已發現水稻型個體存在[6]。

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(責任編輯: 田 喆)

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