李思杰 馬俊平 平杰紅 唐顯 孫玉華



摘 ?要:放射性氣態光源是利用密封在玻璃腔內的放射性氣體衰變發出的β射線激發附著在玻璃管內壁上的熒光涂層而發光,根據發光機制,放射性光源的自吸收效應是影響光輸出特性的因素之一,包括氣體對β粒子能量的自吸收、放射源在熒光層中的沉積能量和熒光層對光輸出的自屏蔽三個方面。研究和優化放射性光源的自吸收效應,是提高放射性氣態光源的光亮度的研究重點。文章對此三方面進行理論分析,結果表明,放射性氣態光源的自吸收效應隨著放射性氣體壓力和熒光層厚度的增加而越來越明顯,導致其光輸出特性的減弱;通過對涂層結構的優化,降低了放射性光源自吸收效應的影響。
關鍵詞:放射性光源;自吸收效應;光輸出;光亮度
中圖分類號:TL921 ? ? ? ? 文獻標志碼:A ? ? ? ? 文章編號:2095-2945(2020)01-0058-03
Abstract: The gas-filled radio luminescent light source (GRLS) emits light by using the β-ray emitted the decay of the radioactive gas, which sealed in the glass tube to excite the phosphor coating attached to the inner wall of the glass. According to the illuminating mechanism, the self-absorption effect of the radioactive light source is the most important factor affecting the light output characteristics. In order to improve conversion rate from the radiant energy to the light energy, the self-absorption effect of GRLS was studied and optimized, by combining theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The results show that the self-absorption effects of GRLS including the self-absorption of the β energy of the radioactive gas and the phosphor layer, and it becomes more and more obvious as the increase of the gas pressure and the thickness of phosphor layer, resulting in the decrease of the light output characteristics. By optimizing the structure of the coating, the self-absorption effect of GRLS was reduced.
Keywords: GRLS; self-absorption effect; light output; brightness
引言
同位素能源是一種清潔、持久、安全的能源。放射性氣態光源作為同位素能源應用的一種形式,是利用毒性小、易防護和長半衰期的β放射性氣體(如氚-3、氪-85)與熒光物質制備而成,具有無需外加能源、使用壽命長、不受氣候環境影響等優點[1-3],特別適合于夜間的指示照明,是黑暗條件下小視野照明的優良光源,廣泛應用于航空、航海各類儀器儀表、瞄準器具、指示牌等[4]。
根據發光原理,放射性氣體的射線能量以及熒光基質的發光效率決定了放射性氣態光源的光輸出特性。但當放射性氣體與熒光基質已確定的情況下,自吸收效應就成了影響其發光亮度與放射性氣體利用率的主要因素。……