基于TVDI指數(shù)的四平市梨樹縣夏玉米生育期干旱監(jiān)測

韓凱旭 康乾坤 賀金鑫

摘要 利用2017年夏玉米主要生育期（5—8月）的Landsat-8遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)進行地表溫度（LST）和植被指數(shù)（NDVI）的反演;利用LST-NDVI構建溫度植被干旱指數(shù)模型（TVDI），作為表征干旱的監(jiān)測指標，并依據(jù)2017年夏玉米實測樣點的數(shù)據(jù)對模型精度予以驗證。結果表明，四平市梨樹縣干旱總體分布趨勢從東南到西北呈現(xiàn)出濕潤-正常-輕旱-中旱-重旱的變換規(guī)律，體現(xiàn)了四平市梨樹縣旱情隨地形、氣候變化的規(guī)律性。四平市梨樹縣干旱主要集中在西北，吉林省的干旱分布規(guī)律亦是從東南濕潤過渡到西北重旱，這種變化規(guī)律與吉林全省濕潤氣候過渡到半干旱氣候的分布規(guī)律相吻合。由此可見，TVDI模型指數(shù)與土壤濕度具有明顯的相關性，可以應用于農(nóng)作物的旱災檢測。

關鍵詞 夏玉米;生育期;干旱監(jiān)測;植被干旱指數(shù);地表溫度;梨樹縣

Abstract This paper used the Landsat8 remote sensing image data of the main growth period （May-August） of summer maize in 2017 to retrieve the surface temperature （LST） and vegetation index （NDVI）. Using LSTNDVI， a temperature vegetation drought index model （TVDI） was constructed to represent the drought monitoring index. And the accuracy of the model was verified according to the data of summer maize in 2017. The results showed that the general distribution trend of drought in Lishu County of Siping City was from the southeast to the northwest， showing the transformation rule from humid to normal light drought to medium drought to heavy drought， which reflected the regularity of drought changing with topography and climate in Lishu County of Siping City. The drought in Lishu County of Siping City was mainly concentrated in the northwest， and the distribution law of drought in Jilin Province was also from the southeast humid to the northwest heavy drought， which was consistent with the distribution law of the humid climate to the semiarid climate in Jilin Province. It can be seen that the TVDI model index has a significant correlation with soil moisture， which can be applied to crop drought detection.

Key words Summer maize;Growth period;Drought monitoring;Vegetation drought index;Surface temperature;Lishu County

我國經(jīng)濟近些年來蓬勃發(fā)展，在世界經(jīng)濟中的地位及重要性日益凸顯，但總體而言我國目前仍屬于發(fā)展中國家的范疇，農(nóng)業(yè)仍是我國經(jīng)濟結構中重要的一個環(huán)節(jié)，所占的比重和所產(chǎn)生的影響不言而喻[1]。農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的優(yōu)劣直接影響著大多數(shù)人的基本生活，制約著國家第一產(chǎn)業(yè)的自給自足，在農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展中，農(nóng)業(yè)災害則是制約農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要因素，它的產(chǎn)生直接導致農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。我國橫跨熱帶、亞熱帶、溫帶，農(nóng)業(yè)用地類型豐富，近51.9%耕地處于年降水量不足800 mm的地區(qū)，干旱災害是我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展最嚴重的自然災害之一，在各類自然災害造成的總損失中干旱占35%以上，居于首位[2]?！?br>