蔣媛 劉福興 楊宏偉



摘要 采用水稻組合生態浮床治理污染河道,該技術優化了河道的微生物結構,增加了水體的自凈能力,從而有效去除了水體的主要污染物,提高了水體透明度;試驗結果表明水稻組合生態浮床能在污染河道條件下,保證工程植物水稻的正常生長,產量達7 500 kg/hm2以上,通過收獲植物體的形式,可直接從河道水體中去除的N、P總量分別達31.57、14.89 kg。試驗區對TN、TP、NH4+-N和CODMn的平均去除率分別為6.51%、18.75%、15.64%和13.55%。該技術是一種新型的生態浮床技術,使經濟效益與生態效益有機結合,可為我國污染河道治理提供科學依據。
關鍵詞 污染河流;水稻組合生態浮床;微生物;綜合效果
Abstract The technology of rice combination ecological floating bed was used to treat polluted river,optimized the microbial structure, increased the selfpurification ability, effectively removed the main pollutants, and improved the transparency of water body. The experimental results showed that the technology could ensure the normal growth of engineering plant rice under polluted river conditions, and the yield could reach 7 500 kg/hm2. Above all, the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus that can be directly removed from river water by harvesting plant body reached 31.57 kg and 14.89 kg, respectively. The average removal rates of TN, TP, NH4+N and CODMn were 6.51%, 18.75%, 15.64% and 13.55%, respectively. This technology is a new type of ecological floating bed technology, which combines economic benefits with ecological benefits, and provides a scientific basis for the treatment of polluted rivers in China.
Key words Polluted rivers;Rice combination ecological floating bed;Microorganisms;Comprehensive effects
20世紀80年代以來我國經濟得到快速發展,由于環保意識與環境治理技術的相對落后,加之污染企業廢水的直接排放,市政污水管網建設的滯后性,導致城市接納水體污染狀況日益嚴重,造成河道水體的富營養化,季節性水體黑臭狀況時有出現。數據表明,我國黑臭水體污染嚴重,共有1 900多個黑臭水體,當前國家正積極推進黑臭水體治理,針對黑臭水體的生態浮床技術是比較有效的生態治理方法之一,它是一種將現代農藝和生態工程措施綜合集成的水面無土種植技術[1-4],生態浮床具有良好的水質凈化效果[5-8],然而傳統的生態浮床經濟成本相對較高。
水稻浮床早在20世紀末進行了少量研究[9],該試驗是在原有水稻浮床的基礎上加以改進,增加了包括半軟性填料和沸石基質的輔助……