林海榮 邱晨

【摘要】 目的:探討BIS監測下右美托咪啶復合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼在婦科腔鏡手術中的應用及對麻醉效果的影響。方法:選取2018年4月-2019年4月本院收治的54例婦科腔鏡下子宮全切除術患者為研究對象,按照隨機數字表法將患者分為觀察組和對照組,每組27例。對照組給予丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼進行麻醉,觀察組在BIS監測下給予右美托咪啶復合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼進行麻醉。比較兩組術后恢復情況及認知功能,比較兩組不同時間點MAP、HR,術中麻醉藥品用量、鎮靜情況及不良反應發生情況。結果:觀察組指令反應恢復時間、呼吸恢復時間、蘇醒時間均短于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組術后MMSE評分高于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組在T2、T3、T4、T5時點的MAP及HR均低于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組術中丙泊酚與瑞芬太尼用量均低于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組的鎮靜情況好于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組術后不良反應發生率18.51%,低于對照組55.55%(P<0.05)。結論:BIS監測下右美托咪啶復合丙泊酚和芬太尼麻醉效果顯著,能有效促進婦科腔鏡手術患者術后認知功能的恢復,有利于手術順利完成且安全性較高,具有臨床推廣應用價值。
【關鍵詞】 BIS監測下 右美托咪啶 丙泊酚 瑞芬太尼 婦科腔鏡手術 麻醉效果
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the application of Dexmedetomidine combined with Propofol and Remifentanil in gynecological endoscopic surgery under BIS monitoring and its effect on anesthesia. Method: From April 2018 to April 2019, 54 patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopic hysterectomy were selected as subjects. They were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, 27 cases in each group. The control group was given Propofol with Remifentanil, the observation group was given Dexmedetomidine combined with Propofol and Remifentanil under BIS monitoring. The postoperative recovery and cognitive function were compared, and the MAP and HR at different time points were compared, the amount of narcotic drugs, sedation and adverse reactions during the operation were compared between the two groups. Result: The response recovery time, breathing recovery time and wake-up time of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The postoperative MMSE score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The MAP and HR at T3, T4, and T5 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The amount of Propofol and Remifentanil in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The sedation in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 18.51%, lower than 55.55% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Under BIS monitoring, Dexmedetomidine combined with Propofol and Remifentanil has a significant anesthetic effect, which can effectively promote the recovery of postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing gynecologic endoscopic surgery, and is conducive to the smooth completion of surgery and high safety, and has clinical application value.
本研究中,觀察組與對照組在T0、T1時點的MAP、HR比較,差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05),觀察組在T2、T3、T4、T5時點的MAP及HR均低于對照組(P<0.05),主要是因為BIS作為一種新型技術,采用電腦雙頻指數實時、動態地監測血流動力學變化,能夠幫助手術醫生科學的把握術中麻醉深度,提升麻醉效果[15]。右美托咪啶能通過抑制去甲腎上腺素遞質,終止傳導疼痛信號。并通過抑制交感神經元活性,從而有效控制術中MAP和心率水平,鎮靜鎮痛和抗交感效果顯著[16]。BIS監測下右美托咪啶復合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼能有效控制婦科腔鏡手術患者平均動脈壓、心率變化,維持血流動力學的穩定狀態,有利于手術成功完成。
本研究中,觀察組術中丙泊酚與瑞芬太尼用量均低于對照組(P<0.05),鎮靜情況好于對照組(P<0.05),主要是因為婦科腹腔鏡下子宮全切除術時間較短,需要患者在術前盡快進入理想麻醉狀態,如麻醉深度不夠,術中出現知曉的概率較高。如麻醉深度過深,術后蘇醒時間過長則會影響術后恢復質量[17]。BIS是監測觀察婦科腹腔鏡手術麻醉用藥的重要手段,通過對術中監測觀察的數值變化進行判斷,在保障術中不知曉的情況下,合理調控并有效控制術中麻醉用藥量。右美托咪定是具有較高的選擇性的新型腎上腺素能受體激動劑,作為局部麻醉時的輔助藥物,可有效減少局部麻醉藥物的用量[18-19],BIS監測下右美托咪啶復合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼,可顯著降低術中丙泊酚與瑞芬太尼用量,有利于提升麻醉效果。
本研究中觀察組術后不良反應發生率18.52%,低于對照組55.56%(P<0.05),主要是因為本研究中婦科腔鏡術后不良反應與術中鎮靜效果和丙泊酚與瑞芬太尼的用量有關。BIS通過監測術中麻醉深度,科學合理地調整和控制丙泊酚與瑞芬太尼用量,從而降低惡心嘔吐、拔管嗆咳等不良反應。右美托咪啶是α2受體激動藥,能有效抑制手術刺激引起的交感神經系統興奮,明顯降低術后寒戰的發生,鎮靜鎮痛作用顯著且對阿片類藥的呼吸抑制無協同作用[20],有效減少了術后躁動、呼吸暫停、心跳異常等不良反應。BIS監測下右美托咪啶復合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼能起到良好的協同鎮痛效應,降低不良反應發生,有利于術后恢復。
綜上所述,BIS監測下右美托咪啶復合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼麻醉效果顯著,能有效促進婦科腔鏡手術患者術后認知功能的恢復,有利于手術順利完成且安全性較高,具有臨床推廣應用價值。
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(收稿日期:2020-02-28) (本文編輯:張爽)