Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

重點單詞

1. mess ?n. ?雜亂;不整潔

“What a mess！” she said after the party.

聚會后她說：“真是一片狼藉！”

（1）in a mess 混亂;凌亂

The room was in a mess.

這個房間雜亂不堪。

（2）make a mess 弄臟;搞成一團糟

The kids made a mess in the living room.

孩子們把客廳搞得一塌糊涂。

2. throw ?v. ?（threw） 扔;擲

Throw me the car keys.

=Throw the car keys to me.

把車鑰匙扔給我。

She threw her coat on the bed.

她把外套扔在了床上。

throw away 丟棄;扔掉

throw away （sth）=throw （sth） away 把……丟掉

3. neither ?adv. ?也不

neither是副詞，意為“也不”，表示前面否定的內容也適用于另一個人時，句子須采用倒裝結構：“neither+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語”表示“……也不”。

You didnt see him， and neither did I.

你沒有看見他，我也沒有。

（1）neither （兩者） 都不

Neither of us felt like going out.

我倆都不想外出。

—Which one would you like？

你喜歡哪一個？

—Neither.

兩個都不喜歡。

（2）neither... nor... 既不……也不……

Neither the teacher nor his students know how to work out the problem.

老師和他的學生們都不知道怎么算那道題。

They speak neither French nor German.

他們既不講法語，也不講德語。

4. pass ?v. ?給;遞;走過;通過

pass sb sth=pass sth to sb 把某物遞給某人

Can you pass me that bag？

你能把那個袋子遞給我嗎？

They pass by the library on their way to school.

去學校途中，他們經過了圖書館。

Kevin has just passed his driving test.

凱文剛剛通過駕照考試。

5. borrow ?v. ?借;借用

borrow sth from sb 從某人那里借某物

I couldnt afford to buy any books， so I borrow them from the library.

我買不起任何書，因此我都從圖書館借。

辨析：borrow， lend和keep

（1）borrow 借，與from 連用，指“借進來”。

You can borrow some money from the bank.

你可以從銀行借些錢來。

（2）lend 借，與to 連用，指“借出去”。

lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借給某人

He doesnt want to lend his books to others.

他不想把書借給任何人。

（3）keep 保留，保存 （延續動詞，可以與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用）

You can keep the book for two weeks.

這本書你可以借兩周。

6. hate ?v. ?厭惡;討厭

hate不能用于進行時，與love相對。

hate to do sth 討厭做某事，表示某次具體的行為或動作。

I hate to trouble him.

我不愿麻煩他。

hate doing sth 討厭做某事，表示經常或習慣性的行為或動作。

She hates smoking in her room.

她討厭在她房間抽煙。

7. while ?conj. ?與……同時;當……的時候;而;然而

while用作連詞，意為“在……期間;當……的時候”，用來引導時間狀語從句。while 引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞只能是延續性動詞。

I will give her a present while she is here.

當她來的時候我要給她一份禮物。

Our friends arrived while we were having dinner.

當我們吃飯的時候，朋友們來了。

The walls are green， while the floor is white.

墻是綠色的，而地板是白色的。

8. waste ?n. ?浪費;垃圾

v. ?浪費;濫用

I hate waste.

我討厭浪費。

waste of time 浪費時間 waste of money 浪費金錢

waste time/money on sth 在某事上浪費時間/金錢

waste time in doing sth 浪費時間做某事

Dont waste time on computer games.

=Dont waste time in playing computer games.

不要浪費時間玩電腦游戲。

9. provide ?v. ?提供;供應

provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth 給某人提供某物

The movie theater provides us with good service.

電影院為我們提供良好的服務。

His school provided a house for him.

他的學校為他提供了一所房子。

辨析：provide， offer和supply

10. develop ?v. ?發展;壯大

development ?n. ?發展

developing ?adj. ?發展中的

developed ?adj. ?發達的

a developing country 一個發展中國家

a developed country 一個發達國家

重點短語

1. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾

Its your turn to take out the rubbish.

輪到你倒垃圾了。

take out the trash 倒垃圾

2. as soon as 一……就……;盡快

I want to see him as soon as he arrives.

他一抵達我就要見他。

3. in order to 目的是;為了

in order to 引導目的狀語從句，可放句首或句中。

肯定形式：in order to+動詞原形

否定形式：in order not to+動詞原形

In order to catch up with the others， the girl works even harder.

為了趕上其他同學，那個女孩學習更加努力了。

4. depend on 依靠;信賴

Just depend on me. Ill be able to lead you there.

相信我，我會把你帶到那兒的。

I dont want to depend on my parents too much.

我不想過度依靠父母。

5. take care of 照顧;處理

Please help me take care of my baby when I am out.

我出去時請幫我照顧下我的小孩。

活學活用

1. Please call me ____ ____ ____ you get home.

請你一到家就給我打電話。

2. His teeth hurt badly. The dentist ____ .

A. took out it B. took out them

C. took it out D. took them out

3. 用borrow和lend 填空。

Can I ____ your pen？

Can you ____ me your pen？

4. The boy ____ （throw） an apple to his friend just now.

5. 英譯漢。

take out the rubbish ______

fold the clothes ________

基本語法

情態動詞could委婉地表請求和征詢許可

其句型為：Could you please do sth？

—Peter， could you please take out the trash？

彼得，請你把垃圾倒掉好嗎？

—Sure， Mom.

可以，媽媽。

—Could you please do the dishes？

請把盤子洗了，好嗎？

—Sorry， I cant.

抱歉，我不能。

在表示請求幫助或請求允許的疑問句中，常用could代替can，以表示禮貌、委婉或不確定的語氣，而can則不具備這些語氣。這種情況下不能把could看作can的過去式。could是為了表示禮貌的請求。肯定回答時要用Yes， I can. 注意：不能用could。除此之外，肯定回答還可以用Sure. / Certainly. / Yes， sure. / Of course. / Thats OK. / No problem. / With pleasure.等;否定回答用Im sorry， I cant. / Im sorry， but I have to...， 還可以用Im afraid not.

—Could you please sweep the floor？

請把地掃了，好嗎？

—Yes， sure.

好的。

—Could you please water the flowers？

你能澆下花嗎？

—No problem.

沒問題。