伊斯坦布爾機場，伊斯坦布爾，土耳其

建筑設計：諾迪克建筑事務所，格里姆肖事務所，觸感建筑事務所

Architects: Nordic-Office of Architecture, Grimshaw, Haptic Architects

伊斯坦布爾機場于2019 年4 月投入使用。該機場建筑面積1,300,000m2，初始年旅客容量為9000 萬人次，是世界上最大的單一屋頂航站樓，在設計、工程和建設上均可稱為史篇巨作。

受到伊斯坦布爾這座活力城市的啟發，該項目是古典土耳其建筑的現代演繹。伊斯坦布爾機場為這座世界級城市提供了一個具有象征意義的交通樞紐，提升了土耳其伊斯坦布爾與世界各地的連通性。在未來階段完工時，機場每年可接待2 億旅客。新航站樓和機場所擁有的巨大吞吐量和最先進的設施，是土耳其至關重要的未來投資。

航站樓擁有一個非常簡單的中央交通核，前交通廣場位于機場陸側，相互連通的指廊分別位于左右兩側和中線上。中央交通核的功能空間靈活高效地排布在兩層半的空間內，在既有圍合結構內可以輕易地進行擴建，亦可向兩側擴展。中央交通核占地面積是簡單的長方形，其上的拱形屋頂反映了內部空間功能，大型拱頂容納了登機辦理大廳和零售空間，小型拱頂則容納了次要和交通空間。位于西南指廊的國內航站樓擁有獨立的購物和登機空間，而國際航站樓——在旅客毫無察覺的情況下——被分為兩個“航站樓”。從中央安檢區域開始，旅客就按照指引分成兩路去向各自的登機門，無論去到哪一邊都會經歷相似的購物體驗。簡單重復的結構和飾面組件可以進行預制。

該項目是由一個高度合作的國際化建筑團隊完成的，包括了概念設計建筑師團隊諾迪克建筑事務所、格里姆肖事務所和觸感建筑事務所，初步設計建筑師和室內概念設計師團隊Scott Brownrigg，以及施工階段建筑師團隊Fonksiyon Mimarlik、Turgut Alton Mimarlik 和Kiklop 設計與工程公司，是他們的通力合作賦予了設計概念生命力，促成了概念方案向一個具有獨特空間感的、高度功能性的現代化機場的無縫演變。

該機場是通向土耳其的大門，致敬了土耳其古典建筑師米瑪·希南的經典之作。伊斯坦布爾藝術及建筑形式的優雅圖案具有美感、紋理和深度，是屋頂設計的靈感源泉。伊斯坦布爾千變萬化的色調給室內設計帶來了啟發。航站樓內的天窗透過天花板，為室內提供了漫射的自然光照，搶眼的“光環”營造出宏偉的空間氛圍。

旅客體驗和福祉是設計的核心，其重點在于為大型建筑空間提供易于操控的人類尺度。解決該問題的途徑是采用簡單而優雅的形狀、引入大面積綠植和運用戲劇性的自然光線。對于構造的整合是被動可持續性的首要驅動力。建筑的朝向將低水平太陽輻射降到最低，板條狀拱腹將漫射日照最大化，盡可能減少人工照明的使用。

作為一項優美、先進的現代設計，該航站樓在單一建筑體內展示了土耳其的傳統和對于未來的雄心，在其宏偉壯闊的空間內保留了尊重人類感受和體驗的初心。（王欣欣 譯）

Istanbul Airport opened in April 2019. With a floor area of 1.3 million m2and an initial capacity of 90 million passengers per year, it is the largest single terminal under one roof in the world and a heroic feat of design, engineering and construction.

Inspired by the vibrant city of Istanbul, with a modern take on classic Turkish architecture, Istanbul Airport provides an iconic transporthub for a world-class city, improving connectivity to Istanbul, Turkey and the rest of the world. On completion of future phases, the airport will serve 200 million passengers annually. The new terminal and airport with its huge handling capacity and the state-of-the-art facilities are a vital investment for the future of Turkey.

The terminal has a very simple central processor, with traffic forecourt on landside and connected piers to each side and centrally. Organised over two-and-a-half levels, it creates an efficient and flexible processor, easily expanded within its current envelope and by expanding to either side. The main processor is based on a simple rectangular footprint with vaulted roof that ref lects usage below, larger vaults accommodate checkin and retail areas, smaller vaults cover secondary and circulation spaces. The domestic terminal in the south west pier has its own shopping and gate areas, whilst the international terminal is split into two "terminals" without passengers realising. From the central security zone, passengers are directed to go either way to their gates with a similar shopping experience to both sides. Simple and repetitive structural and cladding components lent themselves to be prefabricated.

The project has been delivered by a highly collaborative, international architectural team including Concept Architects Nordic-Office of Architecture, Grimshaw, and Haptic Architects; Design Development Architect and Interior Concept Designer Scott Brownrigg; The Delivery Architects are Fonksiyon Mimarlik, Turgut Alton Mimarlik, and Kiklop Design & Engineering, who have seamlessly brought the concept design to life, delivering a modern, highly functional airport with a unique sense of space.

The airport provides a grand gateway to Turkey that inf luenced by the great work of classical Turkish architect, Mimar Sinan. Istanbul inspired art and architecture featuring elegant patterns create beauty, texture and depth provided inspiration for the roof form. The ever-changing hues and tones of Istanbul inspire the interior design. And skylights within the terminal bring diffused natural daylight through the ceiling, accented by "halos" to create grand and atmospheric spaces.

Passenger experience and wellbeing have been at the heart of the design, focusing on providing a manageable human scale to the sizable building. This has been addressed through the inclusion of simple, yet elegant forms, coupled with the introduction of extensive green planting and the dramatic use of natural light. Integration of fabric are as the first passive sustainability drivers. The building's orientation minimises low-level solar gains whilst the slatted soffit maximises diffused daylight, minimising artif icial lighting.

With a beautiful modern and progressive design, the terminal showcases Turkey's heritage and future ambition in a single building whilst keeping the feel and experience to a human scale within the majestic grandeur of its spaces.

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Cengiz-Kolin- Limak-Mapa-Kalyon Consortium

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Gudmund Stokke

設計團隊/Design Team: Christian Henriksen, Ingrid Motzfeldt, Nettie Hew, Roald Sand, Ines Fritz, Joachim Dahle, Bridget White

合作單位/Partners: Nordic-Office of Architecture, Grimshaw, Haptic Architects, ARUP

設計顧問/Sub-Consultants: Fonksiyon, TAM, Kiklop

建設公司/Construction Company: Scott Brownrigg

服務范圍/Scope: 機場規劃設計/Airport Planning and Design

建筑面積/Architectural Area: 航站樓建筑面積/Terminal Architectural Area: 1,300,000m2; 總平面/Master Plan: 80km2; 9000萬旅客年吞吐量/90MPA

設計時間/Design Period: 2013-2016

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2019.04.05

攝影/Photos: Picasa (fig.3), Gurkan Akay (fig.9,10,13,14), Murat Germen (fig.11)

1

2

3

4

1 區位/Location

2 平面構型/Conf iguration

3 鳥瞰/Aerial view

4 外景效果/Exterior image（圖片來源/Sources: Nordic, Grimshaw, Haptic）

5

6

7

8

5 平面/Plan

6 屋頂平面/Roof plan

7 剖面分析/Analysis of section

8 功能分區示意/Diagram of programmes

9

10

11

12

9 內景/Interior view

10 屋頂局部/Roof details

11 托運大廳/Check-in lobby

12 出發大廳效果/Departure hall（圖片來源/Sources: Nordic, Grimshaw, Haptic）

13

13 多層出發前廳東道邊夜景/Multi-level departure forecourt kerb night view

評論

王亦知：當我們仍在懷念那些“小而美”的機場的時候，伊斯坦布爾機場卻再一次刷新了“大”的界限，無論是設計旅客流量、航站樓面積、機位數量，都大幅超過了北京大興國際機場。與大興采用了諸多創新設計不同，伊斯坦布爾的設計思路相當“傳統”：把一個標準航站樓的平面繼續攤大，看圖紙就可以想象出那超長的步行距離。這就帶來了一個經常談及的問題：我們為什么需要一個大而集中的航站樓？我想除了從運行角度的高效以外，大型航站樓能夠吸引更多的資源聚集，提供更多的航線和商業機會，也就是給旅客更多選擇的機會。就像我們越來越大而集中的城市一樣，雖然我們總在抱怨北上廣的城市病，雖然我們似乎還懷有一份鄉愁，但大都市給我們提供了無限的機會，驅使我們義無反顧地涌入城市生活之中。

易田：伊斯坦布爾機場大港灣五指廊構型充分利用了航站樓的停機效率。航站樓通過簡單重復的單元母題形成了巨大的建筑主體，穹頂空間蔓延連續，形成秩序感，使旅客在行進中也能感受到土耳其在地文化的神圣感。大型航站樓單元化的處理有效提高了建筑的設計及建設效率，建筑、結構、機電、裝修等元素可以在一個單元內充分地配合協調以達到最終建筑效果完美的一體化呈現。除了空間的營造，可以看出建筑師在景觀、小品及休憩空間上也擴展了航站樓母題的外延。

Comments

WANG Yizhi: While we are still nostalgic for those "small yet beautiful" airports, Istanbul Airport has once again pushed the boundaries of "large". Regardless of the airport passenger flow, the area of the terminal or the number of aircraft stands, it is significantly larger than those of Beijing Daxing International Airport. Unlike Daxing Airport, which has employed many innovative designs, Istanbul Airport's approach to design is quite conventional: enlarge a standard terminal building - by looking at the drawing one can imagine the extremely long walking distance involved. This therefore brings up a question that is often asked: why do we need a large centralised terminal? I think in addition to the perspective of efficient operation, the large terminal can attract more resources and provide more air routes and business opportunities, which means offering passengers more choices. Similar to the centralised and increasingly large cities we live in, the metropolises do provide us with unlimited opportunities and drive us to pour into urban life without any hesitation, though we often complain about the urban diseases in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou while we still seem to harbour a feeling of homesickness. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

YI Tian: The five piers formation of Istanbul Airport optimised the landing efficiency of aircrafts. The enormous volume of the terminal building is realised by simple repetition of cellular motifs. Vaulted space expands with a sense of order, indulging the passengers with the sacredness of Turkish local culture while they are travelling. The modular approach in such a large-scale terminal building greatly enhanced the efficiency of architectural design and construction. All the components, including architecture, structure, MEP and interior decoration, can be incorporated and balanced within a singular module, in order to achieve a perfect integration of the architectural expression. Apart from the making of space, apparently the architects also extended the boundaries of the motif of the terminal building when designing the landscapes, small features and sitting areas. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

14

14 夜景/Night view