王玉嬌



摘 要
三維地震探測(cè)技術(shù)是煤田構(gòu)造探測(cè)的重要技術(shù)手段,本文在介紹新疆三塘湖煤田戈壁厚礫石分布區(qū)地質(zhì)概況的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)分析該去表淺層及深層地震地質(zhì)條件,針對(duì)該區(qū)三維地震野外采集中的主要難點(diǎn)提出了有針對(duì)性的技術(shù)措施,通過(guò)選取合理的試驗(yàn)參數(shù),取得了良好的野外單炮記錄。資料處理中,針對(duì)自身特點(diǎn)及地質(zhì)任務(wù)選取了合理的振幅補(bǔ)償、反褶積、速度分析及偏移方法,取得了良好的成果剖面,采用全三維的解釋手段,通過(guò)“面體時(shí)”綜合解釋技術(shù),取得了良好的解釋成果,經(jīng)過(guò)鉆探驗(yàn)證,勘探成果對(duì)煤層露頭及煤層底板起伏驗(yàn)證效果良好,項(xiàng)目開(kāi)展過(guò)程中獲取的相關(guān)技術(shù)方法具有一定的推廣價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞
三維地震;厚礫石區(qū);構(gòu)造探測(cè);露頭控制
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): P631.4 ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A
DOI:10.19694/j.cnki.issn2095-2457.2020.19.047
Abstract
Three-dimensional seismic detection technology is an important technical means for coalfield structure detection.This paper,based on the introduction of the geological overview of the Gobi thick gravel distribution area in the Santanghu coal field in Xinjiang province,by analyzing the seismic and geological conditions of the shallow and deep layers, proposed targeted technical measures for the main difficulty in field collection, and by selecting reasonable test parameters,obtained the good field single shot record.In the data processing,reasonable amplitude compensation, deconvolution,velocity analysis and migration methods were selected according to their own characteristics and geological tasks,and good results were obtained.The full three-dimensional interpretation method and the“face-time” comprehensive interpretation technology were adopted,good interpretation results have been achieved.After drilling verification,the exploration results have a good verification effect on coal seam outcrops and coal seam floor fluctuations.The relevant technical methods obtained during the project development have certain promotion value.
Key Words
3D seismic exploration;Thick gravel area;Structural detection; Outcrop control
1 項(xiàng)目概況
勘探區(qū)位于新疆三塘湖煤田東部,地形較為平坦,地表多為第四系戈壁礫石,礫石層的厚度一般在15~35m之間。該區(qū)共計(jì)含煤17層,其中可采煤層5層,即為8、9、17、18和20號(hào)煤層,平均厚2.31m。地層傾角10°-15°,西北部存在煤層露頭。
2 勘探區(qū)的地震地質(zhì)條件
2.1 淺表層地震地質(zhì)條件
本區(qū)屬?gòu)?qiáng)烈的風(fēng)蝕戈壁殘丘地貌,地勢(shì)較平坦全區(qū)表層有厚度不均的礫石、砂石、砂土不利于成孔和地震波的激發(fā),存在鹽堿地貌且植被突出,本區(qū)的淺表層地震地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜。
2.2 深層地震地質(zhì)條件
主要含煤地層為西山窯組,煤層頂、底板巖性主要為砂巖、礫巖,與煤層的物性差異較大,煤層與圍巖之間波阻抗差異明顯,有利于得到較好的地震反射波,該區(qū)具有較好的深層地震地質(zhì)條件[3]。
3 地震資料的野外采集工作
3.1 主要難點(diǎn)與對(duì)策
3.1.1 主要難點(diǎn)
(1)勘探區(qū)屬戈壁地貌,厚度不均的礫石層覆蓋層,對(duì)激發(fā)炮點(diǎn)的成孔及接收點(diǎn)的埋置影響較大。
(2)為提高信噪比,如何實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)次生干擾如:面波、聲波、多次波及其他次生干擾的壓制難度大。
(3)本區(qū)為單斜構(gòu)造,目的層埋藏深度變化大,不同深度均能獲得較均勻的疊加次數(shù)存在難度。
3.1.2 技術(shù)對(duì)策
(1)采用大型車(chē)載鉆機(jī)成孔,高速柱狀炸藥沉到井底,每炮均進(jìn)行了填埋,確保悶炮激發(fā)(1)。
(2)檢波器挖坑埋置,確保檢波器和地面良好耦合,以提高地震資料的信噪比。
(3)采用428XL全數(shù)字地震儀器,實(shí)現(xiàn)大動(dòng)態(tài)范圍,寬頻帶,高保真度采集,確保信號(hào)不失真。