王學英,劉寧可
(寧夏工商職業技術學院,寧夏銀川 750021)
Objective: To explore the best nitrogen level of Pinot Noir grape in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain. Methods: five nitrogen treatments [N0 (0 kg/hm2), N1 (180 kg/hm2), N2 (220 kg/hm2), N3 (260 kg/hm2) and N4 (300 kg/hm2)]were set up to study the effects of different nitrogen levels on photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fruit quality of Pinot Noir grape. Results: the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate did not increase significantly when nitrogen application rate increased from N2 to N3; under N2 treatment, the photosynthetic characteristics were the best; under N2 treatment, PSⅡ had the largest photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching coefficient and the largest non photochemical quenching coefficient. Conclusion: the sugar acid ratio, soluble solid content, net photosynthetic rate and maximum photochemical efficiency of Pinot nigrum with appropriate amount of nitrogen increased, which was beneficial to improve the photosynthetic efficiency and promote the growth of plants.
在釀酒葡萄的引種栽培過程中合理施肥,滿足作物的肥水需求,可以提高其產量和漿果品質。氮素是植物營養生長和生殖生長必需的營養素之一,是植物體內蛋白質、氨基酸、核酸、核苷酸、輔酶以及光合色素等的組成成分,不同氮素水平會影響植物葉片的光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性,對作物的生理代謝、生長發育和干物質累積有著重要的作用[1]。合理施氮對釀酒葡萄的生長及果實品質的提高具有促進作用。
黑比諾Vitis vinifera L.cv.Pinot Noir為葡萄科葡萄屬多年生木質藤本植物,屬歐亞種,是世界上最受歡迎的釀酒葡萄之一。
本研究以賀蘭山東麓地區種植的釀酒葡萄黑比諾為材料,對其在不同氮素水平下光合特性、葉綠素熒光參數及其生理生化指標進行研究,探討其對賀蘭山東麓地區典型的大陸中溫帶干旱氣候的適應機制,以期提高黑比諾的產量、釀酒葡萄及葡萄酒的品質,并找到最佳氮素水平,為合理施氮、引種栽培提供科學依據,進而推動寧夏地區葡萄產業的可持續發展。
釀酒葡萄黑比諾栽植于寧夏回族自治區銀川市西夏區葡萄種植基地,該地區屬典型的大陸中溫帶干旱氣候,位于葡萄種植的黃金緯度,當地年均氣溫為8.7℃,年日照時間2 851~3 106 h,晝夜溫差大,一般可達12~15 ℃,生長季和收獲季(4—10月)的有效積溫是3 296.8 ℃,區域干旱少雨,平均年降雨量低于200 mm。該地區土壤主要為灰鈣土,土質疏松、透氣性好。……