館藏絕版作品數(shù)字化的版權(quán)利益平衡機(jī)制探討

趙源

摘 要 我國(guó)現(xiàn)行制度所要兼顧的作品私權(quán)利益與社會(huì)公共利益在絕版作品數(shù)字化領(lǐng)域發(fā)生失衡，公共文化機(jī)構(gòu)館藏絕版作品數(shù)字化的版權(quán)問(wèn)題亟待解決。我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)則不能為公共文化機(jī)構(gòu)數(shù)字化利用絕版作品提供理論支撐。文章結(jié)合域外館藏絕版作品數(shù)字化的版權(quán)爭(zhēng)議問(wèn)題，在系統(tǒng)梳理法國(guó)、歐盟、美國(guó)成功解決方案的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合分析認(rèn)為：延伸性版權(quán)集體管理制度框架更符合我國(guó)本土化的館藏絕版作品數(shù)字化的版權(quán)利益平衡訴求，需要我國(guó)立法從絕版作品認(rèn)定、配套制度建設(shè)方面予以全面規(guī)制。

關(guān)鍵詞 公共文化機(jī)構(gòu) 絕版作品數(shù)字化 利益平衡

分類(lèi)號(hào) D923.41

DOI 10.16810/j.cnki.1672-514X.2020.08.006

Discussion on the Balance Mechanism of Copyright Interest in Digitization of Out-of-commerce Works of Public Cultural Institutions

Zhao Yuan

Abstract The imbalance between the private interest and the public interest of works in Chinas current system has occurred in the field of out-of-commerce works digitization. The copyright problem of digitization of out-of-commerce works in public cultural institutions is urgent to be solved. Chinas current laws and regulations can not provide theoretical support for public cultural institutions to digitize out-of-commerce works. Combined with the copyright dispute over the digitization of out-of-commerce works in foreign collections and on the basis of the successful solutions in France， the European Union and the United States， the comprehensive analysis shows that the framework of extended copyright collective management system is more in line with the balanced appeal of copyright interests in the digitization of out-of-commerce works in China. However， it needs to be regulated comprehensively by Chinese legislation from the aspects of the recognition of out-of-print works and the construction of supporting systems.

Keywords Public cultural institutions. Digitization of out-of-commerce works. Balance of interests.

0 引言

在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)浪潮下，數(shù)字化閱讀改變了傳統(tǒng)作品的保存及傳播方式。以圖書(shū)館為例，早在1971年電子書(shū)之父邁克尓·哈特就率先提出設(shè)立開(kāi)放數(shù)字化圖書(shū)館的古登堡計(jì)劃（Project Gutenberg）。直至今日，該計(jì)劃才重新受到人們的廣泛接納與認(rèn)同，世界各國(guó)也隨之提出各自的數(shù)字圖書(shū)館建設(shè)計(jì)劃，影響力較大的有法國(guó)伽俐卡國(guó)家數(shù)字圖書(shū)館戰(zhàn)略（Gallica）、歐洲歐羅巴那數(shù)字圖書(shū)館戰(zhàn)略（Europeana）及美國(guó)數(shù)字公共圖書(shū)館戰(zhàn)略（Digital Public Library of America）。

我國(guó)于2011年印發(fā)了《數(shù)字圖書(shū)館推廣工程建設(shè)方案》，數(shù)字化圖書(shū)館建設(shè)也已取得階段性進(jìn)展。但是，在此進(jìn)程中公共文化機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)不可避免地涉及歸屬于權(quán)利人的作品復(fù)制權(quán)與向公眾傳播權(quán)等合法權(quán)益，大量的絕版作品（Out-Of-Commerce Works）的版權(quán)取得問(wèn)題將成為數(shù)字化發(fā)展的桎梏。……