裂果癥對臨猗冬棗好果率的影響

石文鑫 趙永勝 馬利平 郝變青

摘 要： 通過調查問卷和重點調查相結合的方式，對臨猗縣現代農業鮮棗示范區（廟上）冬棗的主要病蟲害情況及影響冬棗好果率的因素進行了初步調查。調查結果顯示，臨猗冬棗蟲害主要有棗園桃蛀果蛾、棗園朱砂葉螨，兩者皆是危害棗樹栽培的主要蟲害;病害主要有棗黑斑病，棗炭疽病，棗縮果病、棗裂果癥等。其中棗裂果癥，雖然是生理性病害，但是臨猗冬棗的裂果現象普遍存在，嚴重影響了冬棗的好果率和經濟效益。因此，充分分析臨猗冬棗裂果癥產生的具體原因以及尋找有針對性的解決措施，對于臨猗冬棗健康良好的持續發展至關重要。

關鍵詞： 冬棗;裂果癥;好果率;防治措施

文章編號：2096-8108（2020）04-0019-04? 中圖分類號：S665.1? 文獻標識碼：A

Effects of Fruit Cracking on Good Fruit Rate of Ziziphus jujuba in Linyi

SHI Wenxin1，2，ZHAO Yongsheng1，2，MA Liping1，2，HAO Bianqing1，2*

（（1.Institute of Agro-Product Quality， Safety and Testing Technology，?Shanxi Agricultural University，Taiyuan 030031， China;2. Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Agro-Products （Taiyuan），?Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Taiyuan 030031，China）

Abstract： Through a combination of questionnaires and key surveys， the main diseases and insect pests of Ziziphus jujuba in Miaoshang demonstration area of modern agriculture in Linyi County and the factors affecting the rate of good fruit in Ziziphus jujuba were investigated. The results showed that the main insect pests of Ziziphus jujuba in Linyi were Carposina niponensis Walsingham and

Tetranychus cinnabarinus （Boisduva）， both of which were the main pests of jujuba cultivation， and the main diseases were black spot of jujube， Jujube anthracnose， Jujube shrunken-fruit disease and jujube split. The fruit cracking of Ziziphus jujuba was a physiological disease， but the fruit cracking of Ziziphus jujuba was widespread， which seriously affected the good fruit rate and economic benefits. Therefore， it is very important for the healthy and sustainable development of Ziziphus jujuba in Linyi to fully analyze the specific causes of fruit cracking disease and seek for targeted measures.

Keywords： Ziziphus jujuba;fruit cracking;good fruit rate;control measures

冬棗（Ziziphus jujuba），屬鼠李科（Rhammnaceae），棗屬（Ziziphus），個大、皮薄、核小，果實緊實細膩，亦稱山西冬棗、魯北冬棗、廟上冬棗、蘋果棗和廟上福，等等。冬棗營養價值豐富，富含人體所需的多種維生素和鈣、鐵、鋅等礦物質，以及鉀、鈉、鐵、銅等微量元素，被譽為“活維生素丸”[1]。目前主要分布于山東、山西、河北等地，是北方落葉果樹中的優質鮮食棗品種。棗樹耐旱澇，抗鹽堿，對土壤及氣候適應能力強[2-3]。經調研，統計臨猗冬棗主要病蟲害，包括有棗園桃蛀果蛾、棗園朱砂葉螨、棗黑斑病、棗炭疽病、棗縮果病、棗裂果癥等。其中棗裂果癥的現象普遍存在，分布范圍之廣，是影響臨猗冬棗好果率的主要因素之一。因此，針對性地預防和治理冬棗的裂果癥現象，可以有效地保障冬棗的好果率和優質產量，同時保障棗農的經濟收益?！?br>