上黨區新建櫻桃園行間不同間作模式經濟效益探討

吳彭超 聶國偉

摘 要：文章研究了甜櫻桃幼樹期行間不同間作模式對甜櫻桃幼樹生長量的影響，調查分析了櫻桃樹幼樹期在不同間作模式下樹體地徑、枝條長度和株高等;以及各個間作物的生產成本、經濟效益與產投比等數據。結果表明櫻桃幼樹行間間作紅薯和蔬菜類的，其樹體的干周、新稍生長量高，生長勢強，間作物對樹體的生長發育影響較小。櫻桃幼樹行間間作大豆和西瓜的樹體生長較差，間作物對櫻桃幼樹的生長發育影響較大。從成本投入來看，種植紅薯和蘿卜有較大的優勢。因此，幼齡果園間作紅薯和蘿卜，不論從對樹體生長還是提高果園經濟效益來看都是一種好的間作類型。

關鍵詞：櫻桃;間作;生長量;經濟效益

文章編號：2096-8108（2020）05-0026-03 ?中圖分類號：S662.5 ?文獻標識碼：A

Abstract：Studied the effects of different intercropping patterns on the growth of sweet cherry saplings， investigated and analyzed the ground diameter， branch length and plant height of cherry saplings under different intercropping patterns at the sapling stage. And the production cost， economic benefit and yield to investment ratio of each crop. The results showed that the interrow planting of sweet potato and vegetable among cherry saplings had higher growth in dry cycle and fresh point and stronger growth potential， while the interrow planting had less influence on the growth and development of sweet potato and vegetable. The tree body growth of soybean and watermelon was poor in intercropping of cherry saplings， and intercropping had great influence on the growth and development of cherry saplings. From the point of view of cost input， planting sweet potato and radish has a greater advantage. Therefore， the intercropping of sweet potato and radish in young orchards is a good intercropping type in terms of both the growth of trees and the improvement of economic benefits of orchards.

Keywords：cherry; intercropping; growth; economic benefits

長治市上黨區（原長治縣）位于山西省東南部、上黨盆地南緣，地理坐標處于東經112°30′～113° 04′，北緯35°30′～36°09′。年平均氣溫9.6℃，霜凍期10月上旬至次年4月中旬，無霜期160 d;7、8、9月為降雨高峰占60%，年降雨量411 mm，年蒸發量1 620.9 mm，日照時數2 546.4 h，屬暖溫帶半濕潤大陸性季風氣候[1]。

2018年全區實施鄉村振興，發展現代農業以來，重點發展干鮮果等經濟作物，截止2019年10月新發展果園面積0.16萬hm2。果樹的生長周期長、存在幼樹期，栽植前期效益低。并且隨著勞動力短缺和果園機械化日益普及，果園生產逐漸向省力化、機械化、標準化發展。許多研究表明果園間作是一種現代的果園管理制度，是一種立體高效農業。在果樹生長前期采用較多，其可有效地利用耕地資源，提高光、溫、水、養分等的利用效率[2]。……