李亮 王璽 孫慧英 王達(dá)菲 李敏生



摘 要: 采用偏離份額分析法,運(yùn)用2010和2018年黃土高原4個(gè)水果主產(chǎn)省的產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)黃土高原及4省的水果產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)及增長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明:黃土高原葡萄產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭迅猛,為先導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè),蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)增速減緩,是支撐產(chǎn)業(yè),梨產(chǎn)業(yè)是發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)、主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)。其政策含義是:應(yīng)該依據(jù)水果產(chǎn)業(yè)增長(zhǎng)規(guī)律,以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)改革為導(dǎo)向,促進(jìn)水果產(chǎn)業(yè)合理化、高度化,保持水果產(chǎn)業(yè)的綜合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
關(guān)鍵詞: 黃土高原;水果;產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu);偏離份額分析
文章編號(hào):2096-8108(2020)04-0072-04? 中圖分類號(hào):S66? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
Analysis on Structure and Growth of Fruit Industry in the Loess Plateau Based on Shift-Share Method
LI Liang, WANG Xi*, SUN Huiying, WANG Dafei, LI Minsheng
(Fruit Tree Research Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China)
Abstract: By the Shift-Share Method and the output data of four major fruit producing provinces in the Loess Plateau in 2010 and 2018, the fruit industrial structure and growth of the Loess Plateau and four provinces were analyzed. The result showed that the grape industry in the Loess Plateau was developing rapidly as a leading industry, while the growth of apple industry was slowing down as a supporting industry and the pear industry was a developing industry and a leading industry. The policy implication is that we should promote the rationalization and upgrading of the fruit industry and maintain the comprehensive competitiveness of the fruit industry according to the growth law of the fruit industry and guided by the supply side structural reform.
Keywords: Loess Plateau; fruit; industrial structure; Shit-Share Method
黃土高原蘋果優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū)包括甘、陜、晉、豫4省的11市27縣(區(qū)),自2001年蘋果面積、產(chǎn)量超過(guò)渤海灣地區(qū)后,成為我國(guó)蘋果第一優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)區(qū)。[1]2018年全國(guó)蘋果產(chǎn)量3 923.34萬(wàn)t,山西、陜西、甘肅、河南四省的蘋果產(chǎn)量總和為2 079.46萬(wàn)t,占全國(guó)蘋果產(chǎn)量的53%。
蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)從需求來(lái)看,分為出口和國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)。出口集中在東南亞國(guó)家和中亞哈薩克斯坦,以及俄羅斯,出口品種以秦冠等品質(zhì)普通、果個(gè)小的低等級(jí)蘋果為主。預(yù)計(jì)到2024年,我國(guó)水果出口將達(dá)到450萬(wàn)t。[2]從國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)來(lái)看,蘋果已經(jīng)成為周年供應(yīng)的大眾水果,消費(fèi)者對(duì)蘋果消費(fèi)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了由數(shù)量到質(zhì)量的轉(zhuǎn)變,對(duì)綠色安全、口感風(fēng)味的要求越來(lái)越高。
梨是我國(guó)僅次于蘋果、柑橘的第三大水果。每年梨出口量穩(wěn)定在45萬(wàn)t左右,占世界總出口量的1/5,進(jìn)口也自2008年以來(lái)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),國(guó)內(nèi)需求呈現(xiàn)出國(guó)際化、多樣化、高端化的特點(diǎn)。我國(guó)梨產(chǎn)業(yè)布局逐步形成了華北、西北、黃河故道、長(zhǎng)江流域4個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)區(qū)。……