應(yīng)用于礦井巷道的無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議

鄭歡歡 白魚(yú)秀 張雅瓊

摘 要： 構(gòu)建基于無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的煤礦智能監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)能有效推進(jìn)煤礦的智慧化建設(shè)，而礦井巷道無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)涑书L(zhǎng)距離帶狀，容易造成能耗不均、形成熱區(qū)的問(wèn)題。提出改進(jìn)LEACH協(xié)議形成適用于礦井巷道環(huán)境下的網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議：通過(guò)優(yōu)化簇頭閾值選取和非均勻競(jìng)爭(zhēng)半徑的簇頭篩選機(jī)制控制簇頭數(shù)目和位置，優(yōu)化簇的劃分;在簇頭與sink節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行路由選擇時(shí)，將剩余能量作為節(jié)點(diǎn)間權(quán)值計(jì)算的重要參數(shù)，從而減少能量較小節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)過(guò)路數(shù)據(jù)的概率，更好的均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)能能耗。實(shí)驗(yàn)仿真結(jié)果表明，改進(jìn)協(xié)議在存活節(jié)點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)和消耗總能量方面的性能優(yōu)于LEACH和LEACH-C協(xié)議，有效均衡了網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量消耗，延長(zhǎng)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期。

關(guān)鍵詞： 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò); 非均勻分簇; 多跳路由

中圖分類號(hào)： TP393 ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼： A

Abstract： The intelligent monitoring system of coal mine based on wireless sensor network can effectively promote the intelligent construction of coal mine. The wireless sensor network topology of mine roadway is long-distance belt， it is easy to cause the problem of uneven energy consumption and hot area. In this paper， an improved LEACH protocol is proposed to form a network routing protocol to be suitable for mine tunnel environment. The number and location of cluster heads are controlled by optimizing the threshold selection of cluster heads and the screening mechanism of non-uniform competition radius， and the division of clusters is optimized. When routing between cluster heads and sink nodes is selected， the remaining energy is taken as an important parameter for the calculation of weights between nodes， so as to reduce the small amount of energy. The probability of transmitting the passing data by point can better balance the energy consumption of the network. The simulation results show that the performance of the improved protocol is better than that of LEACH and LEACH-C in terms of the number of surviving nodes and the total energy consumption.

Key words： wireless sensor network; uneven cluster; multi-hop routing

0 引言

無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是由大量傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)組成的具有有限信息感知、信息處理和信息傳遞的自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)。由于傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)體積小、成本低、計(jì)算能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣泛應(yīng)用于環(huán)境監(jiān)視，醫(yī)療監(jiān)測(cè)，軍事偵察、智慧礦山等領(lǐng)域。但是其傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)依靠不能補(bǔ)充的電池作為能量來(lái)源，能耗的不均衡就會(huì)導(dǎo)致節(jié)點(diǎn)能量過(guò)快耗盡，影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)有效生存時(shí)間和網(wǎng)絡(luò)整體性能。為了解決能量均衡消耗問(wèn)題，通過(guò)自適應(yīng)分簇的LEACH協(xié)議[1]應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。此后，很多學(xué)者在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了更多的改進(jìn)和優(yōu)化。這些算法的基本思……