春花
【問】 He was saddened, in his __________ life, by the death of his elder son and the mental illness of his wife. (A. secret B. personal? ? C. private D. individual)應(yīng)該選哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)?
(浙江溫州 白 明)
【答】正確答案為B。我們來看一下personal, individual, private這三個(gè)詞的區(qū)別:
(1) personal意為“個(gè)人的,私人的;親自的”,著重強(qiáng)調(diào)屬于或涉及本人,而非他人所能代表或代替的事物。如:
Susan wondered if she could ask Anna a personal question such as the marital status. 蘇珊在想她能否問安娜一個(gè)諸如婚姻狀況一類的私人問題。
(2) individual意為“個(gè)體的,個(gè)人的”,區(qū)別于集體、整體或普通,明確指某類單一的、個(gè)別的人物,常用作定語。如:
What I admire most is that my sister has an individual style of arranging her hair. 我最羨慕姐姐的是她梳的發(fā)型很有個(gè)性。
(3) private 指屬于私人所有或具有私營(yíng)性質(zhì),以區(qū)別于集體或公共的,有時(shí)含不公開的意味。如:
He's a rather private person. 他不太喜歡和別人交流思想感情。
【問】有一道題:The Great Wall is considered to be a________of China. (A. symbol B. sign C. mark D. signal ) 究竟選擇哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)?
(山東蓬萊? ?陳? ?瑤)
【答】 正確答案為A。要做好這道題,必須弄清楚mark, sign, signal, symbol這幾個(gè)詞所表達(dá)的意思。
這組詞都有“標(biāo)記,標(biāo)志”之意。
(1) mark意為“標(biāo)志,標(biāo)記”,指事物留下的深刻印跡或某物上用于辨別該物品的附屬物,比sign更側(cè)重于區(qū)別性或揭示性的標(biāo)志,有時(shí)不一定十分直觀或明顯。如:
One mark of a writer's greatness is that different minds can get a different inspiration from his works. 一個(gè)偉大作家的標(biāo)志之一是不同的人都能從他的作品里得到不同的靈感。
Make a mark next to the name of those who have paid their dues. 在已付款的人姓名旁打上記號(hào)。
(2) sign意為“記號(hào);標(biāo)記”,用法最廣,可指符號(hào)(裝置),也可指情緒、性格的直觀顯示,還可指具體的用于識(shí)別或指示的標(biāo)志,如指標(biāo)牌、卡片等,借喻時(shí)意為“征兆,跡象”。如:
Can you read those traffic signs? 你能看懂那些交通標(biāo)志嗎?
(3) signal意為“信號(hào)”,常指約定俗成、用于傳達(dá)某些信息的信號(hào),也指燈光、聲音或信號(hào)標(biāo)志。如:
The sportsmen are all ready, waiting for the signal to start running.運(yùn)動(dòng)員們都準(zhǔn)備好了,等待著起跑的信號(hào)。
(4) symbol意為“象征;符號(hào)”,指被人們選出的物體或圖案,用來代表另一事物,并作為該事物的標(biāo)記或象征。如:
In the picture the tree is the symbol of life and the snake the symbol of evil.在這幅畫中,樹是生命的象征,蛇是邪惡的象征。
【問】有這樣一道題:She looks as if she __________ ten years younger. (A. is B. were? ?C. was D. had been) 究竟選B還是C?
(四川樂山? ?劉? ?澤)
【答】 正確答案為B。 現(xiàn)在我們總結(jié)一下as if的用法:
as if = as though為連詞,意為“仿佛,像,似乎”。通常用在be, look, seem, sound, taste, smell及feel等連系動(dòng)詞的后面。其后的從句可以用陳述語氣,但多用于虛擬語氣。如:
His white hair looked as if it had been electrified! 他的白發(fā)十分凌亂,好像觸了電似的。(虛擬語氣)
She seems as if she is going to cry.她似乎要哭了。(陳述事實(shí))
【問】 It is very difficult for the people who __________ nicotine to give up smoking. (A. used to? ?B. is used to? ?C. are used? ?D. get used to) 此題所給的答案為D,為什么B不對(duì)呢?B和D的區(qū)別是什么?
(北京 李煜)
【答】 首先讓我們來看看本句的句意:“很難讓那些習(xí)慣了尼古丁的人戒煙。”這里考查的是use一詞的習(xí)慣用法。use的用法很廣泛,所以平時(shí)使用時(shí)要注意。be / get used to意思是“習(xí)慣于;適應(yīng)于”。如:
You will soon be / get used to it. 你很快就會(huì)適應(yīng)它。
選項(xiàng)B中is used to應(yīng)改為are used to才正確,因?yàn)閜eople在本句中是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故D在本題中是最合適的。C項(xiàng)中的are used則表示“被用來……”的意思。而A項(xiàng)中的used to表示“過去經(jīng)常”,相當(dāng)于frequent practice in the past。如:
That's where I used to live when I was a child. 那就是我幼年時(shí)的住處。
【問】 The girl stood there with her eyes
__________ on the picture. (A. fixed? B. to fix? C. fixing? D. fix)請(qǐng)問此題為什么不選C項(xiàng)?
(山西大同 王亮)
【答】 介詞with有很多種用法,在此題中with引導(dǎo)的是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),它通常由“with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞 / 過去分詞 / 形容詞 / 介詞短語等”構(gòu)成。如:
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她眼含淚水說再見。
I went out with the window open. 我外出時(shí)沒關(guān)窗戶。
With the exams coming next week, I have no time to watch TV. 由于下周要進(jìn)行考試,我沒有時(shí)間看電視。
在你的問題中her eyes與fix構(gòu)成的是一種動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即fixed her eyes,所以此題空缺處應(yīng)填入過去分詞,表達(dá)的是一種被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。例如:
She did not answer immediately, but meditated again, with her eyes fixed on the opposite wall. 她沒有立刻回答,而是又沉思起來,她的眼睛盯著對(duì)面的墻壁。
故此題正確答案為A。
【問】編輯老師,請(qǐng)問take the place和instead of相同嗎?有何區(qū)別?
(遼寧鞍山 尹媛)
【答】 試比較以下幾個(gè)句子:
Instead of Peter, it was Tom who moved in. 搬進(jìn)來的不是彼得,而是湯姆。
Let's play cards instead of watching TV. 咱們玩撲克吧,別看電視了。
Nothing could take the place of the family he had lost. 沒有什么可以取代他失去了的家庭。
instead of作為某人 / 某物的替換,其含義是“替換某人或某物”,所以常有否定后面成分的意思。
take the place of意為“代替某人 / 某物”,其后接被代替的對(duì)象,一般是名詞或名詞的同等成分。