胡崢楠 佘鋒



摘 要:局部路徑規劃是自動駕駛的基礎研究領域,為了實現局部路徑規劃中備選軌跡的有效生成,提出了一種基于樣條插值的局部路徑規劃的建模方法。針對局部路徑規劃的參考線生成,設計了基于樣條插值的參考線生成模型。并基于生成的參考線,進一步推導了備選軌跡的生成方法,從而為自動駕駛的控制決策規劃功能的軌跡選擇、避障分析等功能提供有效的數學分析基礎。仿真結果驗證,文中提出的參考線數學模型對不同的道路曲線形狀具有較強的適應性和可實現性。同時,通過對路徑規劃的離散采樣點使用了參數三次樣條插值函數來擬合行駛參考線,保證參考線上點的曲率的連續性,并符合車輛的運動學特性。
關鍵詞:無人駕駛;路徑規劃;樣條插值;軌跡生成;參考線
中圖分類號:TP391
文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:1007-757X(2020)11-0106-05
Abstract:Local path planning is the foundation field of research of automatic driving. In order to achieve the effective generation of alternative trajectory in local path planning, this paper proposes a modeling method of local path planning based on spline interpolation. For the local path planning, a reference line generation model based on spline interpolation is designed. Based on the generated reference line, the generation method of alternative trajectory is further derived, it provides an effective mathematical analysis basis for the trajectory selection, obstacle avoidance analysis and other functions of planning function of automatic driving. The simulation results show that the reference line mathematical model proposed in this paper has strong adaptability and feasibility for different road curve shapes. This paper also uses the parameter cubic spline interpolation function to fit the driving reference line through the discrete sampling points of the path planning, and this can ensure the curvature continuity of the reference line points, and meet the kinematic characteristics of the vehicle.
Key words:autopilot;path planning;spline interpolation;trajectory generation;line
0?引言
無人駕駛汽車技術包含感知融合、控制決策規劃、高精度定位等多種技術。在無人駕駛智能車相關的多項關鍵技術中,規劃技術是保障無人駕駛車輛安全行駛的關鍵技術環節。一般而言,路徑規劃的功能是為了實現在有障礙物的環境中,搜索出從給定起點到終點的優化行駛路徑,使無人駕駛車輛在行駛過程中安全、可靠地繞過檢測到的障礙物。在路徑規劃的設計中,主要解決無人駕駛車輛行駛過程中的兩大問題—導航和避障。
根據規劃范圍,路徑規劃可分為全局路徑規劃與局部路徑規劃。……