蘇軍烈士墓 中俄友好的象征

楊艷

位于渝中區(qū)的鵝嶺公園，可俯瞰長江與嘉陵江，風(fēng)光秀麗。穿過公園大門，沿著蜿蜒小路漫步約200米，在蓬勃蓊郁的樹林中有一座蘇軍烈士墓，是為紀(jì)念在抗戰(zhàn)期間犧牲的兩名蘇聯(lián)空軍烈士而修建，這里幽雅寧靜，耳畔不時傳來清脆的鳥鳴聲。

蘇聯(lián)志愿航空隊為中國抗日戰(zhàn)爭作出重大貢獻

1938至1940年間，志愿來華參加抗日戰(zhàn)爭的蘇聯(lián)航空志愿隊軍官卡特諾夫上校、司托爾夫上校在對日空戰(zhàn)中分別于1940年11月15日和1941年5月11日犧牲于重慶。兩位烈士最初安葬在袁家崗附近，后于1959年9月遷葬于鵝嶺公園內(nèi)。

蘇軍烈士墓由紀(jì)念碑與墓地組成。紀(jì)念碑坐西向東，為鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，占地面積約為219平方米。墓地鋪以花崗石，三面用石欄圍護。紀(jì)念碑為四方體錐形石碑，高9米，外表是光滑的磨石。正面飾有鐮刀斧頭金色圖案，鐫刻“志愿參加抗日戰(zhàn)爭犧牲的蘇聯(lián)軍官司托爾夫、卡特諾夫烈士之墓”。碑頂四面裝飾有云紋，下面是凸浮雕式的原蘇聯(lián)國徽，整體造型優(yōu)美莊嚴(yán)。

1937年日本對中國進行全面入侵。蘇聯(lián)政府對中國的抗日戰(zhàn)爭采取了積極的援華方針。1937年8月20日，《中蘇互不侵犯條約》簽訂;11月，蘇聯(lián)志愿航空隊來華支援中國作戰(zhàn)，書寫了兩國友情。蘇聯(lián)志愿航空隊的成員采取輪換形式，先后在華參戰(zhàn)的有2000多人，日加列夫、雷恰戈夫、阿尼西莫夫、波雷寧、特霍爾、赫留金、布拉戈維申斯基等著名空軍將領(lǐng)都曾來華與日軍作戰(zhàn)。他們先后進駐南昌、武漢、重慶、梁山（今重慶市梁平區(qū)）、成都等地機場，出動飛機千余架次，擊落日機數(shù)百架，炸沉日軍各類船艦70余艘，為中國抗日戰(zhàn)爭作出重大貢獻。其中，有200多名官兵獻出生命。

中俄人民共同緬懷蘇軍烈士 弘揚偉大的國際主義精神

蘇軍烈士墓反映了蘇聯(lián)援助中國人民抗擊日本侵略的歷史，是中蘇友好的象征，具有重要的歷史文化價值。蘇軍烈士墓作為鵝嶺抗戰(zhàn)遺址群的組成部分，2009年由重慶市人民政府公布為重慶市文物保護單位。

重慶市政府非常重視蘇軍烈士墓的維修保護，在俄羅斯駐華大使館及中方有關(guān)部門的共同參與支持下，重慶市于今年7月再次啟動了對鵝嶺公園蘇軍烈士墓的保養(yǎng)維護工作，于8月27日圓滿完工。市政府外辦、市文化和旅游委、渝中區(qū)政府等部門代表出席竣工儀式。

2005年6月，時任俄羅斯國家杜馬主席的格雷茲洛夫訪問重慶，專程率代表團來此拜祭蘇軍烈士墓，并敬獻花圈。

格雷茲洛夫說，他的父親就是一名反法西斯戰(zhàn)士，曾到中國大連、旅順參加抗戰(zhàn)，因此抗戰(zhàn)對他個人和他的家庭都有著特殊意義。他十分感謝中國政府和人民對曾參加抗戰(zhàn)的蘇聯(lián)烈士的深切緬懷，希望俄中兩國人民友誼長存。當(dāng)時，代表團還捐贈1萬美元給鵝嶺公園，用于蘇軍烈士墓的常年維護。2009年，俄羅斯駐華大使館再次向鵝嶺公園捐贈15萬元人民幣。

2019年是中俄建交70周年，也是中俄地方合作交流年。10月，俄羅斯駐華大使館公使銜參贊熱洛霍夫采夫一行來渝訪問時，前往鵝嶺公園蘇軍烈士墓舉行獻花儀式，以此紀(jì)念在抗日戰(zhàn)爭中犧牲的蘇聯(lián)援華飛行員。

今年是中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭暨世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭勝利75周年。10月19日，俄羅斯駐華大使館參贊阿列克謝耶夫率團來渝訪問，拜謁了位于鵝嶺公園的蘇軍烈士墓。阿列克謝耶夫參贊看到重慶市對蘇軍烈士墓保護良好，表示由衷的感謝。并表示，中俄兩國人民在世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭中并肩戰(zhàn)斗，為捍衛(wèi)世界和平付出了巨大犧牲、作出重大貢獻，共同的歷史記憶是新時代中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系的堅實基礎(chǔ)，為中俄關(guān)系和兩國人民世代友好提供了不竭的強勁動力。

在中華民族面臨生死存亡的危險時刻，英雄們懷著對祖國和人民、對人類和平事業(yè)的深深大愛，凝聚了跨越國界和民族、為正義和自由而英勇奮戰(zhàn)的巨大力量，用自己的血肉之軀筑起鋼鐵長城，與日本帝國主義侵略者進行了殊死拼搏。長眠在重慶的蘇軍烈士，他們所體現(xiàn)出的偉大的國際主義精神，將彪炳史冊、萬古流芳。

Located in Yuzhong District， Eling Park overlooks the Yangtze River and Jialing River with scenic views. A walk through the gate of the park and along the winding path for about 200 meters would lead one to the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs， built to commemorate the two Soviet air force martyrs died during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Tucked away in luxuriant woods， the place is known for its serenity constantly accompanied by crisp bird chirps.

Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team made major contributions to China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

Between 1938 and 1940， Colonel Katnov and Colonel Stolf with the volunteer group of the Soviet airforce lost their lives in Chongqing on 15th November 1940 and 11th May 1941 respectively in the air battle against Japan. Two martyrs were first buried near Yuanjiagang and reburied in Eling Park in September 1959.

The Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs consists of the monument and cemetery. Located in the west to the east， the monument is a reinforced concrete structure， covering an area of 219 square meters. The cemetery is paved with granite and enclosed by stone fences on three sides. As a quadrate stone tablet with a height of 9 meters， the surface of the monument is smooth grindstone with golden patterns of sickles and axes veneered in the front and characters "Cemetery of Soviet airforce martyrs Stolf and Katnov， volunteer fighters in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression" engraved on the front. With cloud patterns on the all sides of the top and the former national emblem of the Soviet Union in the lower part， the overall design of the monument is graceful and solemn.

In 1937， Japan launched a sweeping war of aggression against China. The Soviet Government adopted a proactive policy to aid China in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. On August 20， 1937， the Sino-Soviet Non-aggression Treaty was signed; in November， the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team came to China to support the fight， showcasing the friendship between the two countries.

As members of the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team rotated in combat， over 2，000 persons joined the war in China successively. Famous air force generals such as Rigalev， Regorov， Anisimov， Polenin， Tehol， Khryukin， Blagovishensky came to China to fight against the Japanese army. Successively entered airports in Nanchang， Wuhan， Chongqing， Liangshan （now Liangping District of Chongqing）， Chengdu， etc.， with more than 1，000 planes dispatched， hundreds of Japanese planes shot down and over 70 Japanese ships sunk， they made great contributions to China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Among them， over 200 officers and soldiers sacrificed their lives.

The Chinese and Russian people jointly cherish the memory of the Soviet martyrs and carry forward the great spirit of internationalism

Reflecting the history of the Soviet Union's assistance to the Chinese people against Japanese aggression， the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs is a symbol of China-Soviet friendship with prominent historical and cultural value. As a part of the ruin groups of War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in Eling， it was announced by Chongqing Municipal People's Government as cultural relic protection unit of Chongqing in 2009.

The Chongqing Municipal People's Government attaches great importance to the maintenance and protection of the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs. With the joint participation and support of the Russian Embassy in China and relevant Chinese departments， Chongqing restarted the maintenance of the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs in Eling Park in July this year and successfully completed on August 27. Representatives of the Foreign Affairs Office of Chongqing Municipal People's Government， Chongqing Municipal Development Committee of Culture and Tourism， Yuzhong District government and other departments attended the completion ceremony.

In June 2005， in his visit in Chongqing， Boris Gryzlov， the then chairman of Russian State Duma， led a delegation to pay homage to the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs and offered wreaths to the martyrs.

Mr. Gryzlov said that as his father was an anti-fascist soldier in the fight against Japanese aggression in Dalian and Lushun， the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression had special significance to him and his family. He expressed his gratitude to the Chinese government and Chinese people for their deep memory of the Soviet martyrs joined the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression， and hoped that the friendship between the Russian and Chinese people would last forever. At that time， the delegation also donated $10，000 to Eling Park for the maintenance of the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs. In 2009， the Russian Embassy donated 150，000 yuan to Eling Park again.

The year 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia， as well as the year of China-Russia local cooperation and exchange. In October， in his visit in Chongqing， Zhelokhovtsev， Minister Counselor of the Russian Embassy in China， and his team went to the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs in Eling Park to present flowers to commemorate the Soviet pilots who died in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.

This year is the 75th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. From October 19 to 20， Alekseev， Counselor of Russian Embassy in China， led a delegation to Chongqing and paid a visit to the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs in Eling Park. Counselor Alekseev expressed his sincere gratitude to Chongqing for preserving the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs well. He said that Chinese and Russian people had fought side by side in the World Anti-Fascist War and made great sacrifices and contributions to safeguarding world peace. As a solid foundation of China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation in the new era， the shared historical memory provided an inexhaustible driving force for China-Russian relations and the friendship between the two peoples from generation to generation.

In this life-or-death moment of the Chinese nation， the heroes， with their deep love for their motherland， their people and the cause of peace of mankind， gathered tremendous strength to fight courageously for justice and freedom across boundaries and nations， built the great wall of steel with their own flesh and blood， and fought to their death against the Japanese imperialist invaders. The great spirit of internationalism embodied by the martyrs of the Soviet Army in Chongqing will go down in history forever.