嵩溪村的詩社

傅淑青

千年古村落嵩溪，位于浙江省浦江縣白馬鎮西北角的雞冠巖山麓下，歷來被人譽為“小杭州”。初一見，深感震撼、歡喜。那是7年前燥熱的盛夏之夜，我應詩友邀請，來此小游。雖是夜晚，但古村落的獨特魅力并未被蒼茫夜色所遮掩，反而在這件黑色大衣的籠罩下越發顯得神秘。

這個自古就有濃郁文化氛圍的地方，最讓我念念不忘的不是青山環繞、碧水盈盈的秀麗風光，不是那蜿蜿蜒蜒、千折百轉的幽深小巷，也不是青磚黑瓦馬頭墻、天井回廊雕花窗的成片古建筑，而是有300多年歷史、曾名噪一時的嵩溪學社。

來過，便不曾離開。此后無數個尋常日子，我一趟趟往嵩溪跑，一次次翻閱與嵩溪學社有關的資料。哪怕只查找到與之相關的只言片語，我都會像享受饕餮大餐一樣細細咀嚼。

一

嵩溪人素來熱愛傳統文化，農忙時朝耕暮耘、拽耙扶犁，閑暇時研經讀史、舞文弄墨。自宋代起，嵩溪就涌現出一批工詩文、善書畫的文人雅士。明朝初年，就有嵩溪先賢與各地群賢酬詩題贈的記載（見《浦陽嵩溪邵氏族譜》）。追根溯源，許是四面環山、峰巒疊翠、草木繁盛的自然景觀，點燃了嵩溪先賢的靈感，激發了創作的欲望。

清康熙三十二年（1693年），嵩溪學者徐敬臣創建了“嵩溪詩社”（嵩溪學社的前身），與村中志同道合的詩友和各地的能詩善畫者相互唱和、切磋詩藝、議論時弊，留下了大量反映時代風貌的詩作和畫作。嵩溪詩社一度在浙中聞名遐邇。

風流總被雨打風吹去。據《嵩溪村志》記載，清嘉慶二十五年（1820年）農歷七月初九，嵩溪突發大火。320余戶民居房被大火付之一炬，先人留下的珍貴詩稿就此蕩然無存。

歷時已有120余年的嵩溪詩社被按下了“暫停鍵”，但厚重的文化底蘊卻遺留了下來，成為了嵩溪人寶貴的精神財富。毫不夸張地說，這是浙江省內最“長壽”的村級詩社，其時間跨度之大在國內也屬罕見。

二

1978年改革開放，窩在山坳坳里的嵩溪把握住了機遇，村民們放下鋤頭，紛紛壘起了土窯，做起了開采礦體、燒制石灰的營生，吸引了省內外大量客商。嵩溪經濟最鼎盛時期，村中光三輪拖拉機就有300余輛，涌現了一大批“萬元戶”，村集體經濟最多時達到180余萬元，嵩溪村也因此在縣內外聲名遠揚。

有了寬裕的物質生活，嵩溪人又開始追求精神層面的富足。20世紀80年代中期，村里人有了重建嵩溪詩社的打算。

“我是原杭州大學附中（即杭州學軍中學前身）畢業的，有一定的文學功底，又喜歡詩詞，做了幾年村里的圖書管理員，在村里也算文化人。村領導找到我，要我和邵繼材、徐心庚、徐永諍、徐承松等人一起重建嵩溪詩社。重建目的是什么？如果只是走形式、走過場，沒有任何意義。我數次和在省社會科學院工作的鄉賢徐儒宗通信商議，并向別的詩社取經學習。我們最后確定了辦詩社的基調：既要‘陽春白雪，也要‘下里巴人;既要壯大詩詞書畫，也要發展剪紙、攝影、昆曲、道情等藝術品類，要讓每個社員都有選擇的余地。只有這樣，才能吸引村民參與進來。”嵩溪學社前任社長、農民詩人徐千意回憶。

1986年端午節，嵩溪詩社正式更名為嵩溪學社，并制定了詳盡的《社約》。《社約》確定了學社的性質，“自愿結合的業余學習文化知識的群眾性社團組織”;學社對社員的要求是“以自學為主，持之以恒，師友間自由探討交流，互相學習，共同進步”;學社不設門檻，不論男女老少、不論水平高低、不論文化程度，“凡村民之愛好文史、詩詞、書畫、科技等各種文化知識者，均可申請入社”，且不向社員收取任何活動經費。

1988年端午節，浙江省詩詞學會在杭州舉行成立大會，嵩溪學社應邀派代表參加，成為浙江省詩詞學會唯一的村級團體會員。

三

一個古老的村級詩社，營造了嵩溪村濃郁的文化氛圍，滋養了一代又一代人。

不論耄耋老者，還是垂髫小兒，每個嵩溪人似乎都充滿藝術細胞。在日光熹微的清晨和星月傾瀉的夜晚，在嵩溪漫步，總能遇見三五成群的文藝愛好者聚集在一起，靜寂的時光被他們賦予了更多的意義。

經過30多年的發展，嵩溪學社吸納的社員已有百余位之多。其中，國家級會員3人，省級會員9人。

詩詞是嵩溪學社歷史最為悠久的門類。從2011年起，浦江每年都會籌辦一次“農民賽詩會”，這已成為當地一張文化名片，并在江浙一帶打出了不小的名氣。每屆賽詩會嵩溪學社都不曾缺席，激烈角逐的舞臺上，每年都有嵩溪農民詩人的身影。

“在我們村，聚在一起的都是喜歡文藝的朋友，吃吃喝喝的很少，基本都在討論詩詞與書畫，談論這幅畫的布局、這首詩的韻味。也有人說我們村都是一幫‘書呆子，我們從不解釋，那種精神上的愉悅與心靈上的滿足，用語言是表達不清楚的。”學社副社長兼秘書長邵陸甫說得極其誠懇。

四

邵崇星生長于嵩溪的一個普通農家，父母雖是沒念過多少書的農民，但受村里大環境的影響，他們仍支持孩子學習書法和國畫。直到現在，嵩溪村民仍把傳統文化當作精神圖騰，仍會大力鼓勵下一代研習。這樣的自發傳承，在當地是一種時尚和風尚。

除了父母的有意培育，嵩溪學社針對中小學生也有一系列培養舉措。每年暑假，村里都會舉辦免費夏令營。從2019年起，在邵陸甫的牽頭組織下，學社開設了周末課堂，免費培訓硬筆書法、毛筆書法、國畫等，受到中小學生的普遍歡迎。

另外，為激發后學，傳承傳統，嵩溪學社還會不定期舉行詩詞講座，并邀請縣內外詩書畫名家進村授課，村里的詩詞愛好者都可以參加。除此，還開展了不少“請進來、走出去”的活動，例如每年春節、重陽，在村內舉辦大型詩書畫展，邀請省內外文化學者前來點評;與縣內外詩社共同交流創作心得;與縣美術家協會舉辦聯展;籌辦各類采風活動……

“學社即將進行換屆選舉，目的就是提高隊伍的凝聚力和向心力，繼續提升嵩溪學社的美譽度和知名度。相信在所有社員的齊心協力下，嵩溪學社定能煥發新生機和新活力。”邵陸甫說。

由于年代久遠，關于“嵩溪詩社”的記載并不多，我們只能通過《浦江縣志》《嵩溪村志》等書卷中的寥寥數語，遙想嵩溪前輩先賢的用心歌詠。好在嵩溪人仍在發揚和傳承“嵩溪詩社”的遺風，這是嵩溪最美麗、最風雅、最動人的風景。

Songxi， a village nestled at the foot of Cockscomb Rock Mountain in the northwest of White Horse Town in Pujiang， is traditionally known as Little Hangzhou. Seven years ago I first visited the village of more than 1，000 years. I was deeply impressed by Songxi Poetry Society， which was founded in 1693 and made a reputation in the literary circles back in the Qing Dynasty （1644-1911）. Since then I have visited Songxi many times， trying to learn more about the poets in the region centuries ago.

I think Songxi Poetry Society is probably the most ancient and yet still-alive village-level poetry organization in China. The people of Songxi followed a tradition of farming and culturing themselves to be artists， poets and government officials. The way of life was a social norm in the rural and feudal China. From the Song Dynasty （960-1279） on， some Songxi locals made their names into history as poets， painters， calligraphers. According to a clan history book， some celebrated poets of Songxi met with poets from other places and they happily compared notes with each other. The picturesque rural scenes around Songxi inspired local poets.

So it was only a matter of time for a poetry society to appear in Songxi. Quite a number of poems composed by members of the society have come down to history. The society made a reputation in central Zhejiang.

The biggest blow the society had was a fire on the ninth day of the seventh month on the lunar calendar in 1820. The conflagration burned down all the 320 houses in the village and， in particular， destroyed all the manuscripts of poems.

The society made a comeback in the last years of the Qing （1644-1911） and it survived in the first decades of the 20th century. But its influence was negligible.

The poetry societys renaissance was made possible by Chinas modernization drive in the late 1970s. Residents of Songxi engaged in business and the village became reputed for its economic prosperity. In the 1980s， someone in the village thought of the poetry society in history and planned to bring it back.

In May 1986， the society was officially brought back and was called Songxi Cultural Studies Society. Of course， its members included some rural poets and painters and calligraphers. In 1988， the society sent some representatives to attend the founding ceremony of Zhejiang Poetry Society. The Songxi Cultural Studies Society became the only village-level member of the provincial organization.

The village society has enjoyed a widespread reputation since Pujiang County started a poetry competition for rural residents in 2011. The annual event has attracted poets from all over the county. Songxi village has produced quite a few winners.

Producing winners at the county competition is only part of the things the Society does. It holds lectures on poetry frequently. It invites painters and calligraphers to conduct study courses at the village. In summer， village artists and calligraphers hold a summer camp and teach youngsters. During the Spring Festival and the Duanwu Festival， the society hosts an exhibition featuring works by village poets， painters， and calligraphers; masters from outside are invited to review exhibits and provide suggestions and advices. The society holds regular events in partnership with other poetry societies. Now and then， the society and the countys artists association host exhibitions jointly.

In the eyes of some outsiders， Songxi is a village of bookworms. “We dont bother to explain. The spiritual joy and contentment resulted from art and poetry are beyond words，” says Shao Lufu， vice president and secretary general of the society.