布萊希特作品

董繼平

貝托爾特·布萊希特（Bertolt Brecht，1898-1956），20世紀(jì)德國(guó)著名詩(shī)人、劇作家，生于巴伐利亞州的奧格斯堡，早年在慕尼黑學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)和自然科學(xué)，后來轉(zhuǎn)向文學(xué)創(chuàng)作。1933年希特勒上臺(tái)后，他被迫流亡丹麥和芬蘭;二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后，他又不得不流亡美國(guó)，在好萊塢待過一段時(shí)間。戰(zhàn)后他回到歐洲，在東柏林組建了“柏林劇團(tuán)”，此后主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)作戲劇。1950年入奧地利籍，1955年獲得“斯大林和平獎(jiǎng)”。他的詩(shī)集主要有《家庭格言》（1927）、《歌曲集》（1934）、《斯文堡詩(shī)集》（1939）、《詩(shī)百首》（1955）等。此外，他還留下了若干小說以及文學(xué)評(píng)論。

世界的一個(gè)希望

1 ▲ 壓迫古老得如同池塘周圍的苔蘚？

池塘周圍的苔蘚不可避免。

也許我看到的一切都很自然，我感到惡心，想除掉那無法除掉的東西？

我讀過埃及人的歌，他們建造金字塔的人的歌。他們抱怨自己的負(fù)荷，詢問壓迫何時(shí)會(huì)停止。那是四千年前的事情。

看起來，壓迫就像苔蘚，不可避免。

2 ▲ 正當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子即將被車撞倒，一個(gè)人把他拉到人行道上。

并不是善良的人都那樣做，他們給他豎起紀(jì)念碑。

任何人都把那個(gè)孩子從車前拉走。

但在這里，很多人被撞倒了，還有很多人路過，不曾像這樣施以援手。

難道那是因?yàn)槭芸嗍茈y的人如此之多？因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)閿?shù)眾多，一個(gè)人就更不應(yīng)該幫助他們？一個(gè)人較少幫助他們。即便是善良的人路過，那之后，他們?cè)诼愤^之前依舊善良。

3 ▲ 他們?cè)绞怯锌嚯y，他們的苦難就越是顯得自然。誰(shuí)想阻止大海里的魚被打濕呢？

苦難本身對(duì)自己分享這種麻木，對(duì)自己缺乏善良。可怕的是，人類如此輕易地容忍眼下的境遇，不僅容忍陌生人的苦難，還容忍自己的苦難。

所有思考過事物的糟糕狀態(tài)的人，都拒絕求助于一群人對(duì)另一群人的同情。但是，受壓迫者對(duì)受壓迫者的同情不可或缺。

這就是世界的一個(gè)希望。

THE WORLD'S ONE HOPE

1 ▲ Is oppression as old as the moss around ponds？

The moss around ponds is not avoidable.

Perhaps everything I see is natural， and I am sick and want to remove what cannot be removed？

I have read songs of the Egyptians， of their men who built the pyramids. They complained of their loads and asked when oppression would cease. Thats four thousand years ago.

Oppression， it would seem， is like the moss and unavoidable.

2 ▲ When a child is about to be run down by a car one pulls it on to the pavement.

Not the kindly man does that， to whom they put up monuments.

Anyone pulls the child away from the car.

But here many have been run down， and many pass by and do nothing of the sort.

Is that because its so many who are suffering？ Should one not help them all the more because they are many？ One helps them less. Even the kindly walk past and after that are as kindly as ever they were before walking past.

3 ▲ The more there are suffering，then，the more natural their sufferings

appear. Who wants to prevent the fishes in the sea from getting wet？

And the suffering themselves share this callousness towardsthemselves and are lacking in kindness towards themselves. It is terrible that human beings so easily put up with existing conditions， not only with the sufferings of strangers but also with their own.

All those who have thought about the bad state of things refuse to appeal to the compassion of one group of people for another. But the compassion of the oppressed for the oppressed is indispensable.

It is the worlds one hope.

到處看到很多東西

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到了一片可愛的風(fēng)景;清澈的天空的背景上有一座山丘，草叢在風(fēng)中搖擺起伏。一座房子倚靠在山丘上，猶如女人倚靠在男人身上。

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到一條很適合把大炮布置在后面的山脊。

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到了一座房子，它如此破敗不堪，因此山丘不得不支撐它，這就意味著它整天都處于陰影的籠罩下。我在不同的時(shí)辰路過它，它的煙囪里從來不曾有似乎在煮飯的炊煙升起。我還看到了生活在那里的人。

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到了巖石嶙峋的地面上焦干的土地。每片草葉都孤零零地佇立。石頭躺在草皮上。一座山丘投下太多的陰影。

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到了一塊巖石猶如拒絕被打倒的巨人，從長(zhǎng)滿草叢的土壤中抬起它的肩頭。那草叢僵硬、挺直而驕傲地佇立在焦干的地面上。一片冷漠的天空。

流浪者，你看到了什么？

我看到了地面上的一道褶皺。千萬(wàn)年前，這里的大地表面肯定有過一場(chǎng)巨大的隆起。

花崗巖曝露出來。

流浪者，你看到了什么？沒有可坐的長(zhǎng)椅。我累了。

PLENTY TO SEE EVERYWHERE

What did you see，wanderer？

I saw a pleasant landscape; there was a grey hill against a clear sky， and the grass waved in the wind. A house leaned against the hill like a woman leaning against a man.

What did you see，wanderer？

I saw a ridge good to position guns behind.

What did you see，wanderer？

I saw a house so tumbledown that it had to be propped up by a hill，which meant that it lay in shadow all day. I passed it at various hours，and there was never smoke rising from the chimney as if food were being cooked. And I saw people who were living there.

What did you see， wanderer？

I saw a parched field on rocky ground. Each blade of grass stood singly. Stones lay on the turf. A hill cast too much shadow.

What did you see，wanderer？

I saw a rock raising its shoulder from the grassy soil like a giant that refuses to be beaten. And the grass standing up stiff and straight， proudly，on parched ground. And an indifferent sky.

What did you see，wanderer？

I saw a fold in the ground. Thousands of years ago there must have been great upheavals of the earths surface here.

The granite lay exposed.

What did you see，wanderer？No bench to sit on. I was tired.