梵蒂岡教堂

建設單位：梵蒂岡教皇文化委員會

項目地點：意大利威尼斯

設計單位：福斯特建筑事務所

合作單位：Francesco Magnani - Map Studio

結構工程：Luigi Cocco

場地面積： 128 平方米

建筑體積： 278 立米

建筑高度：6.80 米

設計/建造：2017 / 2018 年

攝影：Nigel Young / 福斯特建筑事務所

Client: Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura, The Vatican

Location: Venice, Italy

Architect: Foster + Partners

Collaborating Architect: Francesco Magnani - Map Studio

Structural Engineer: Luigi Cocco

Site Area: 128 m2

選取2016年的7月～2018年的2月在我院治療的老年腦卒中患者94例作為研究對象，將其隨機分為延伸組和常規組，各47例。其中，延伸組男28例，女19例，年齡60～79歲，平均年齡（68.9±4.3）歲；對照組男29例，女18例，年齡60～80歲，平均年齡（69.3±4.6）歲。比較兩組一般資料，差異無統計學意義（P＞0.05）。

Building Volume: 278 m3

Height: 6.80 m

Design / Completion: 2017 / 2018

Photography: Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

福斯特建筑事務所參與設計了羅馬教廷10 個小教堂中的一個，這是威尼斯建筑雙年展歷史上的首個梵蒂岡城參展建筑。

在2018 威尼斯建筑雙年展上，羅馬教廷的建筑首次代表梵蒂岡城出展。

該建筑設計由弗朗西斯科·達爾可主持，設計概念采用10 個臨時小教堂的形式，每個小教堂由不同的建筑師設計。福斯特建筑事務所參與設計了其中一個小教堂，教堂位于圣喬治馬喬雷威尼斯島一端的林地中。

小教堂由福斯特建筑事務所設計并由意大利泰克諾（Tecno）家具公司建造，其結構體現了原始概念輕盈與優雅的本質。建筑由支撐觀景木臺的傾斜鋼板樓面結構和由鋼制桅桿和橫臂組成的張拉整體結構組成，由預應力鋼索和較小的斜圓形空心截面進行支撐。可見的水平橫臂和垂直桅桿彼此分離，同時保持結構穩定。二者還共同作用形成了一個既能抵抗垂直重力荷載又能抵抗側向風荷載的屋頂結構。這一空間被一連串由落葉松制成的薄木板條包圍，跨越甲板和張拉整體結構。該設計能夠讓斑駁的光影進入到這一空間，同時具有遮光效果并界定這個教堂的輪廓。板條與張拉整體結構之間的連接設計有獨立滑動結構，以確保當整個結構在風荷載作用下發生移動時板條不會超載。

總平面 Site Plan

Foster + Partners has designed one of the 10 chapels which will make up the Pavilions of the Holy See, the first Vatican City pavilion in the history of the Venice Architecture Biennale.

The Venice Architecture Biennale 2018 features the Pavilions of the Holy See representing the Vatican City for the first time.

Curated by Francesco Dal Co, the concept takes the form of 10 temporary chapels, each designed by a different architect. Foster + Partners has designed one of the chapels located in a wooded area at one end of the Venetian island of San Giorgio Maggiore.

The starting point for the chapel’s design concept was to take three symbolic crosses set in the landscape, draped with a tent-like membrane. As the design evolved, the crosses became a tensegrity structure of cables and masts, whilst the membrane developed into a wooden lattice work attached to the structure.

Engineered by Foster + Partners and built by Italian furniture company Tecno, the chapel structure reflects the lightness and ethereal nature of the original concept. It consists of a ramped steel floor structure that supports a timber deck and a tensegrity structure which is made up of steel masts and cross arms, braced by prestressed steel cables and small inclined circular hollow sections.The seenable horizontal cross-arms and vertical masts to be separated from one another while remaining structurally stable. Together, they create a roof structure capable of resisting both vertical gravity loads and lateral wind loads. The space is enclosed by a series of thin timber slats made from larch that span from the deck to the tensegrity structure. They allow dappled light to enter the space, while providing shade and defining the chapel’s volume. The connections between the timber slats and the tensegrity structure were designed to slide independently to ensure that the slats would not be overloaded when the entire structure moved under wind loads. Jasmine vines planted around the structure will climb onto it over time,softening its contours and releasing a gentle fragrance to enhance the sense of spiritual calm.

種植在結構周圍的茉莉花藤會隨著時間的推移在其上蔓延生長，柔化其輪廓，同時釋放出一種迷人的芳香，給人以心靈平靜的感覺。

“項目設計過程從選址就開始了。在參觀靠近帕拉迪奧教堂和Teatro Verde的圣喬治馬喬雷途中，我發現一片綠地，兩棵參天大樹玉立在環礁湖的景致中。那里就像大花園里的一片樂土，是冥想的好去處。我們的目標是創造一個小空間，斑駁的光影在其中分散開來，不染凡塵，能夠望向遠處的水面和天空——就像一個庇護所。”

“The project started with the selection of the site. On a visit to San Giorgio Maggiore, close to Palladio’s magnificent church and the Teatro Verde, I found a green space with two mature trees beautifully framing the view of the lagoon. It was like a small oasis in the big garden,perfect for contemplation. Our aim was to create a small space diffused with dappled shade and removed from the normality of passers-by, focused instead on the water and sky beyond - a sanctuary.”

? LAURIAN GHINITOIU

軸測圖 Axonometric view

長剖面 Long section