彩石鑲嵌：點石成金的傳統技藝

劉凡力 盧倩倩

彩石鑲嵌是一種石雕、浮雕與花板雕刻相結合的技法，是國家級非物質文化遺產之一。傳統彩石鑲嵌是以天然葉蠟石為材料加工成預先設計好的圖案，鑲嵌在紅木、樟木等上面的工藝美術作品，呈現出石材古樸高雅特質和木料的天然紋理色澤。溫州彩石鑲嵌至今已有400多年歷史，是民間傳統工藝中的一顆璀璨明珠。鑲嵌藝術積累了許多重要的技術手段，主要包括直接鑲嵌法、預制法、反貼反上法、正貼正上法等。除平面鑲嵌外，也可以在浮雕上進行鑲嵌，這種鑲嵌方法可以進一步增強鑲嵌對象的立體感。

鑲嵌（彩石鑲嵌）代表性傳承人繆成金的彩石鑲嵌技藝令人嘆服，對這一技藝的熱愛和執著讓他在技藝上作出了許多突破和創新，創作出許多獨具特色的彩石鑲嵌作品。60多年彩石鑲嵌生涯中，他創作的《擊鞠圖》《天女散花》《扇屋佳人》《十二生肖》《杜甫詩意》《弘一大師》等多次參賽獲獎。同時，繆成金還是業內少有的能進行“大件”創作的工藝美術大師，比如《法華勝會》《靈山勝會》《普賢十愿圖》《文殊說法圖》等大型作品，件件精美絕倫、生動傳神。幾十年如一日，對于繆老先生來說，彩石鑲嵌已經融入了他的生活。“拿出一張椅子，泡杯茶，坐在作品面前，品品茶，看看自己的作品，我覺得這是非常自在的生活，也可以說是很高的享受。”繆成金說。

繆一川在父親的言傳身教之下，也練就了一門彩石鑲嵌的好手藝。他是學設計出身，又深諳經商之道，經過對市場的慎重考察，他把彩石鑲嵌的未來定位在高端藝術品和日常生活用品上，大大提高了彩石鑲嵌作品的銷售情況，也給非遺的傳承和創新提供了新思路。

（感謝浙江省非物質文化遺產保護中心為本欄目提供支持）

A national cultural intangible heritage， Colored Stone Inlay is a folk art that combines the skills of stone carving， relief carving and wood carving. The works produced are mahogany or camphorwood that is shaped into patterns and then inlaid with natural pyrophyllite.

In Wenzhou city， the traditional art of Colored Stone Inlay boasts a history of more than 400 years， and is one of the most valued folk arts in China. Over time， folk artists have developed many inlay techniques， such as direct inlay， prefabricated inlay， among others. As well as inlay on flat surface， Colored Stone Inlay can also be applied on relief， enhancing the 3D rendering of the inlaid object.

A Wenzhou native and an inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage， Miao Chengjin has been known for his stunning skills in his 60-odd-year career as a Colored Stone Inlay craftsman. His works， including the Chinese Zodiac，? Du Fu and Poetry and Master Hongyi， have won him a host of top awards. In fact， Miao is one of the few in the industry who are able to create “large” pieces of works that are both exquisite and vivid. Examples include The Ten Great Vows of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva and? Manjusri Bodhisattva Teaching Dharma.

Inspired by his father， Miao Yichuan， Miao Chengjins son， also became a master of the Colored Stone Inlay craft. Majoring in design studies and adept in business， Miao Yichuan has positioned Colored Stone Inlay works as both high-end art products and products relatable to peoples everyday life. It has greatly boosted the sales of these works and provided new ideas for the inheritance and innovation of intangible cultural heritage.