骨木鑲嵌：熔金鑄古 巧嵌精雕

劉凡力

木鑲嵌是指在木器表面嵌入動物骨骼進(jìn)行裝飾，是浙江寧波的一項傳統(tǒng)技藝。南宋時期，寧波以其天然的地理優(yōu)勢、水路發(fā)達(dá)的交通成為對外貿(mào)易的主要口岸之一，手工業(yè)隨之繁榮，給骨木鑲嵌工藝創(chuàng)造了良好的發(fā)展條件，浙東沿海豐富的魚膠、貝殼、木竹等更是提供了骨木鑲嵌工藝最初的原材料。在此基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過漫長時間的洗禮，最終吸收了寧波木雕嵌的傳統(tǒng)和民間風(fēng)俗畫的精華，逐漸形成了骨木鑲嵌技藝的固定風(fēng)格。寧波骨木鑲嵌工藝品的品類繁多，根據(jù)其作用可大致分為傳統(tǒng)家具、生活用品和建筑裝飾這三類。

陳明偉是國家級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)項目“寧波骨木鑲嵌”代表性傳承人，自幼酷愛繪畫、書法，有著對文化的獨(dú)特理解。從青年時期起，他就對寧波骨木鑲嵌的制作情有獨(dú)鐘，如今雖已年過六旬，仍在精益求精的學(xué)習(xí)道路上樂此不彼，力求給骨木鑲嵌的發(fā)展帶來更多創(chuàng)新。他的作品《千工床》獲2013年中國民間文藝“山花獎”，獲得無數(shù)人的贊譽(yù)。其作品還有《梁祝屏風(fēng)》《孫過庭書譜》《觀音菩薩圣像》等，每一件都備受稱贊。

著名學(xué)者趙樸初先生盛贊寧波骨木鑲嵌為“思入豪芒，心連廣宇，熔今鑄古，巧嵌精雕”。骨木鑲嵌工藝品是藝術(shù)與文化的結(jié)晶，每幅作品都蘊(yùn)含著豐富的人文內(nèi)涵，也傾注了手工匠人對現(xiàn)實世界和精神世界的感悟。

（感謝浙江省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)中心為本欄目提供支持。）

Carved Bone Inlay： Traditional， Modern and Most Exquisite

By Liu Fanli

A traditional craft in Zhejiangs Ningbo city， Carved Bone Inlay refers to a carving technique which embeds animal bone pieces into wooden works for decorations. Zhao Puchu， a renowned Chinese scholar， once praised the craft as “redolent of thought in the minutest details， connecting with the vast world， integrating past with present and carving with the most exquisite techniques.”

In the Southern Song period （1127-1279）， Ningbo became a major international trading port thanks to its natural geographical advantages and developed waterways， and the handicraft industry prospered accordingly， creating favorable conditions for the development of Carved Bone Inlay. Abundant fish glue， shells， and bamboos in this area provided the initial raw materials for the craft. Over time， it has absorbed the essence of Ningbos traditional wood inlay as well as folk paintings and developed its own unique style. Now， Carved Bone Inlay is largely used for traditional furniture， household goods and architecture ornaments.

An inheritor of the Carved Bone Inlay craft， Chen Mingwei has been in love with painting and calligraphy since childhood and has developed his unique understanding on Chinese culture. Indeed， Chen started learning the craft when he was very young. Already in his sixties， he is still striving to bring more innovative ideas into the development of Carved Bone Inlay. His works are widely acclaimed. One of them， Qiangong Chuang （literally “a bed costing a thousand days to make”， won the 2013 “Mountain Flower Award”， which is dedicated to Chinas folk arts and culture.