鹿煥婷
很多同學對句型掌握得不牢固,對相似句型分析不透徹,用起來易于混淆,造成錯句。
1. 他不可能通過考試。
誤:It is impossible of him to pass the exam.
正:It is impossible for him to pass the exam.
析:這是一個沒有區別清楚“It is+adj.+of+sb. to do sth.”與“It is+adj.+for+sb. to do sth.”兩句型的典型錯誤。如果句中的形容詞與某人之間存在邏輯關系,用of以說明其本身所具有的特點。如:It is very kind of you to say so. (可以說:You are very kind.);如果句中的形容詞與某人之間不存在邏輯關系則使用for。如:It is important for us to learn English well. (不能說:We are important.)。
2. 他去巴黎了。
誤:He has been to Paris.
正:He has gone to Paris.
析:have been 表示某人去過某地,現在不在那里;has gone 表示某人到某地去了,現在不在這里。
3. 這是我有生以來第一次搭乘飛機。
誤:This is the first time I took an airplane in my life.
正:This is the first time I have taken an airplane in my life.
析:This is the first time后面的從句應該用現在完成時,而It is time that后面的句子用一般過去時。如:該是上床睡覺的時間了。譯為“Its time that we went to bed.”。
4. 他表示希望再到中國來訪問。
誤: He expressed the hope which he would come over to visit China again.
正:He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.
析:誤句是把同位語從句和定語從句混用。在同位語從句中,連詞that不作句子成分,也無實際意義,只是用來引導同位語從句說明主句的內容。在定語從句中that或which一方面替代先行詞,一方面引導從句,而且必須在定語從句中充當主語或賓語等成分。
5. 我昨天晚上直到10點才做完作業。
誤:It was not until 10 oclock last night when I finished my homework.
正:It was not until 10 oclock last night that I finished my homework.
析:強調句與定語從句混用。“It+be+被強調成分+that / who+陳述句”構成強調句結構,如果被強調的是人則用that或who,其它用that。that或who不作成分也無實際意義。而定語從句中的when替代表示時間的先行詞且在定語從句中作時間狀語。
6. 過了大門你就會找到動物園的入口。
誤:Go through the gate, youll find the entrance of the zoo.
正:Go through the gate, and youll find the entrance to the zoo.
正:If you go through the gate, youll find the entrance to the zoo.
析:誤句中前后兩部分無連接詞,使整個句子不倫不類,既不是復合句也不是并列句。所以應該用if引導條件狀語從句構成復合句,或者用and連結構成并列句。下面的構成也是錯誤的:If you go through the gate, and youll find the entrance to the zoo.。此外,表示“……的入口”用介詞to。