以 教 促 學

甘肅 魏雪霞

也許你在尋找新的方法來提高你對所學內容的理解，也許你在尋找更好的方法來記住重要的信息，能夠幫助你達到這些目標的另一個方法是嘗試教——不是作為一項工作，而是作為一種提高自己學習能力的方法。

題材 體裁教育 說明文 385 ★★★文章詞數 難度建議用時7分鐘

Researchers and educators have been interested in the link between teaching and learning for quite some time. A 1982 study found that tutoring helped both the tutors and the people who studied with them. Also in the 1980s, Jean-Pol Martin, a French teacher in Germany, developed a way of teaching that asked students to teach each other. Martin taught language classes, but he expanded his“Learning by Teaching” method, also called LDL, to include other subjects as well.

More recent studies have looked at the link between teaching and memory. A 2013 study,which we briefly described in a previous Education Tips, found that teaching had a strong effect on understanding and learning. An important part of the study compared the learning results between people who actually taught a lesson and those who simply prepared but did not teach.“Overall, these findings suggest that when students actually teach the content of a lesson, they develop a deeper and more persistent understanding of the material than solely preparing to teach,” the researchers wrote.

Scientists have also explored the question of why teaching improves learning. A 2018 study suggests that teaching may help your learning because you have to remember the information you have learned as you continue to teach. Experts call this “retrieval”. The researchers wrote that retrieval practice possibly causes the learning benefits of teaching. The basic idea is that if you want to improve your memory of what you have learned, you have to practice remembering that information.

The good news is that there are many ways that you can improve your learning by teaching.One way might be to teach your family or friends about something that you are learning.The process of teaching and asking for feedback will help you realize that you may not understand some things as well as you thought you did. That is an important, necessary step in the learning process. Another idea is to imagine yourself describing a lesson to someone, or to write the lesson down. You could even write an email describing what you have learned in great detail. A final idea for those who like technology: You could record videos of yourself teaching information. You could then send the lesson to friends or put it on YouTube or some other social media services.

Reading Check

1. What do we know about LDL?

A. It was first born in France.

B. It can only be used in language courses.

C. It was developed by a researcher.

D. It was studied by a person who lived in Germany.

2. What does the underlined word “persistent” in the second paragraph probably mean?A. Unique. B. Lasting. C. Typical. D. Temporary.

3. What is the 3rd paragraph mainly about?A. The background of the “Learning by Teaching” method.

B. Recent studies on the “Learning by Teaching” method.

C. Why teaching improves learning.

D. Ideas for how to start teaching.

4. How many suggestions are made to improve your learning by teaching in the last paragraph?A. Only one. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.

Language Study

Difficult sentences

1. A 2013 study, which we briefly described in a previous Education Tips, found that teaching had a strong effect on understanding and learning. 2013年的一項研究， 發現了教學對理解和學習有很大的影響，這項研究是我們在以前的教育技巧中簡單描述過的。

【點石成金】句中的which we briefly described in a previous Education Tips為非限制性定語從句，修飾名詞a 2013 study；found為主句的謂語動詞，后面的that引導賓語從句，在從句中，短語have an effect on 意為“對……有影響” 。

2. A 2018 study suggests that teaching may help your learning because you have to remember the information you have learned as you continue to teach. 2018年的一項研究表明，教學可能對你的學習有幫助，因為你在教學過程中需要記住學過的信息。

【點石成金】當suggest表示“表明；暗示”的時候不用虛擬語氣，在表示建議的時候，后面的從句用should+動詞原形。 句子you have learned是一個省略了關系代詞that/which的定語從句，句中的as引導的是時間狀語從句。