2018－2020年上海某社區慢性乙型病毒性肝炎流行病學特征分析

王麗楠 王通 聶蓮蓮 尹丹娟

摘 要 目的：分析2018-2020年上海市某社區慢性乙型病毒性肝炎（慢性乙肝）的流行病學特征，為慢性乙肝的精準防控工作提供理論依據。方法：采用描述性流行病學方法，分析2018-2020年中國疾病預防控制信息管理系統上報的上海市某社區慢性乙肝資料。結果：上海某社區2018-2020年累計報告慢性乙肝病例380例，占病毒性肝炎總數的83.89%，年均報告發病率為103.23/10萬，2019年報告發病率為135.40/10萬，在3年中排首位（χ2=23.47，P<0.05）。農村地區報告發病率大于城市地區（131.70/10萬比85.36/10萬，χ2=18.20，P<0.05）。男性報告發病率大于女性（男女病例數之比為1.59∶1，χ2=18.90，P<0.05）。全年4季均有病例發生，第二季度呈高發態勢。發病主要集中在30～59歲年齡組（68.42%）。職業主要集中在農民、離退人員、家務及待業人員及工人，其中工人在所有職業中所占的比例逐年降低（χ2=15.28，P<0.05）。結論：男性以及農村地區是該社區慢性乙肝的高發人群及地區，各年發病波動較明顯，因此應針對特定人群開展針對性的監測、防控、健康教育等工作，并在兒童乙肝疫苗接種工作基礎上加大力度提高成人乙肝疫苗接種率，以降低慢性乙肝發病率。

關鍵詞 乙型病毒性肝炎；社區；流行病學特征

中圖分類號：R512.62 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1006-1533（2021）20-0050-04

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of chronic hepatitis B in a community in Shanghai from 2018 to 2020

WANG Linan， WANG Tong， NIE Lianlian， YIN Danjuan（Prevention and Health Care Department of Zhujing Community Health Service Center of Jinshan District， Shanghai 201599， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chronic viral hepatitis B （chronic hepatitis B） in a community in Shanghai from 2018 to 2020， to provide theoretical basis for accurate prevention and control work of chronic hepatitis B. Methods： Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of chronic hepatitis B in a community in Shanghai reported by the Chinese disease control and prevention information management system from 2018 to 2020. Results： A total of 380 cases of chronic hepatitis B were reported from 2018 to 2020 in a community in Shanghai， accounting for 83.89% of the total number of viral hepatitis， the annual incidence rate was 103.23/100 000， and the reported incidence rate was 135.40/100 000 in 2019， ranking the first in 3 years （χ2=23.47， P<0.05）. The reported incidence in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas （131.70/100 000 to 85.36/100 000， χ2=18.20， P<0.05）. The incidence rate of male reported cases was greater than that of female reported ones （the ratio of male to female cases was 1.59：1， χ2=18.90， P<0.05）. There were cases in 4 quarters of the year， and the second quarter showed a trend of high incidence. The incidence was mainly concentrated in the age group of 30～59 years old （68.42%）. The occupations were mainly concentrated in farmers， retirees， domestic and unemployed persons and workers， of which the proportion of workers in all occupations decreases year by year （χ2=15.28， P<0.05）. Conclusion： Men and rural areas are the high-risk groups and areas of chronic hepatitis B in this community， and the incidence fluctuates significantly from year to year， therefore， targeted monitoring， prevention and control， and health education should be carried out for specific groups of people， and based on the work of hepatitis B vaccination in children， efforts should be made to increase the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination in adults.