七舍合院

設(shè)計(jì)：ARCHSTUDIO | 韓文強(qiáng)

攝影：王寧、吳清山

之所以命名為“七舍”（“七”和“舍”在漢語中分別指“七”和“房子”），因?yàn)樗檬呛锏? 號(hào)建筑，又擁有七間坡屋頂房屋，由此得名“七舍”。在項(xiàng)目接近開工之時(shí)，建筑師設(shè)定了兩個(gè)目標(biāo)：翻新舊屋，建造新屋。一方面，建筑師們對(duì)房屋進(jìn)行了整頓，修復(fù)了所有建筑表面，加固了建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，以期再現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)四合院的外觀。另一方面，他們引進(jìn)了新的生活設(shè)施，如浴室、廚房和車庫、暖通空調(diào)管線，以及新的游廊空間。

游廊作為一條循環(huán)路線，重塑了空間格局和層次，并提供了有趣的步行體驗(yàn)。

前院主要用作車庫。建筑師保留了七舍的傾斜屋頂，拆除了前后墻，并將入口門移至一邊，以便留下更多的停車空間。中間庭院是公共活動(dòng)空間。先前有三座房子，一座在北面，兩座在兩側(cè)。在原有布局的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)在這個(gè)區(qū)域還設(shè)置了客廳、茶室、餐廳和廚房等。建筑師采用對(duì)稱的空間格局，繼承了傳統(tǒng)院落建筑的正式感。后院為居住所用，主要由兩間臥室、一間茶室和一間書房組成。

項(xiàng)目的材料方案很好地將新舊元素相結(jié)合。建筑師保留了傳統(tǒng)建筑材料的神韻，同時(shí)以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞教砑恿艘恍┬虏牧希纱吮Ａ袅藭r(shí)間的痕跡，呈現(xiàn)出新舊之間的對(duì)比與融合。四合院原有的松木架構(gòu)得以保留，受損部件用相同材料替代。

傳統(tǒng)的坡屋頂沒有使用現(xiàn)代防水材料，因此隔熱性能差。考慮到這一點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)在保留原有灰瓦屋頂?shù)那疤嵯聝?yōu)化了屋頂系統(tǒng)和性能。對(duì)于新建游廊的弧形屋頂，建筑師采用聚合物砂漿作為飾面，光滑且與相鄰的紋理瓷磚屋頂形成了鮮明對(duì)比。重新利用庭院中拆除的臨時(shí)建筑塊中的灰色磚塊，修復(fù)了舊建筑的墻壁。

It's named as "Qishe" ("Qi" and "she" respectively refers to "seven" and "house" in Chinese language),because its address number in the hutong is 7 and it originally consisted of 7 pitched-roof buildings.As approaching the project,the architects set two goals:renovating the old and inserting the new.On the one hand,the architects neatened the houses,repaired all the building surfaces,and reinforced the architectural structures,with a view to reproducing the appearance of the traditional Siheyuan.On the other hand,they brought in new living facilities such as bathroom,kitchen and garage,HVAC pipes and lines,as well as new veranda spaces.

The veranda functions as a circulation route,reshapes the spatial pattern and layers,and provides a playful walking experience.

The front courtyard is mainly used as a garage.The architects retained its pitched roof,removed the front and back walls,and shifted the entrance door to the side,so as to leave more space for parking.The middle courtyard is a public activity space.It previously contained three houses,one on the north,two on the sides.Based on its original layout,the design team set a living room,a tea room,a dining room and a kitchen,etc.in this area.The architects adopted a symmetric spatial pattern,which inherits the sense of formality of traditional courtyard buildings.The back courtyard is a dwelling space,mainly consisting of two bedrooms,a tea room,and a study.

The material scheme of the project well combines the old and new.The architects preserved the textures of traditional architectural materials whilst adding some new materials in an appropriate manner,so as to retain the marks of time,and present the contrast and fusion between the new and old.The original pine wood framework of the Siheyuan was maintained,with its damaged components replaced by the same material.

The traditional pitched roofs used no modern waterproof materials and had poor thermal insulation.Considering this,the design team optimized the roof system and performance on the premise of retaining the original gray tile rooftops.As to the curved roof of the newly built veranda,the architects utilized polymer mortar as the finish,which is smooth and forms contrast with the adjacent textured tile rooftops.The old building walls were restored,by reusing the gray bricks from demolished temporary architectural blocks in the courtyards.