新加坡“小販文化”申遺成功

湖北 余 璐

“小販文化”是新加坡人生活的一部分，在城市化發展進程中，為幾代新加坡人提供了身份認同感和延續性。由此，新加坡“小販文化”被聯合國教科文組織列入人類非物質文化遺產代表名錄。

Singapore's tradition of eating out in places called hawker （沿街叫賣者） centers has been recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance.

A hawker is a person who sells food or goods and advertises by shouting at people walking by on the street. Hawkers are an important part of Singaporean culture. Open-air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods are very popular in Singapore. “These centers serve as‘community dining rooms’ where people from diverse backgrounds gather and share the experience of dining over breakfast, lunch and dinner,” UNESCO said. Famous chefs like Anthony Bourdain and Gordon Ramsay have praised them. And they appear in popular films like Crazy Rich Asians. The 2018 film showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market.Some sellers even received Michelin stars from a famous restaurant rating system for their meals costing only a few dollars.

The United Nations' cultural agency, UNESCO, added the city's hawker culture to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity （人類非物質文化遺產代表名錄）. Singapore was eager to have hawker culture added to the list.

Now that it has been recognized, Singapore must provide a report every six years to UNESCO. The report must show efforts the citystate has made to save and support its hawker culture.

In the 1970s, Singapore cleaned up its streets so the city moved street hawkers to new eating centers. These areas were part of an effort to improve the island. Now, the centers offer many different low-cost meals for local people and provide a pleasing social setting.

But Singapore's hawker culture does face difficulties. The average age of a hawker in Singapore is 60 years old. Younger Singaporeans now want to work in offices. They are less interested in working in small restaurants.

The COVID-19 health crisis also hurt sales,preventing foreign visitors from eating out. During the first few months of this year, restrictions on movement and social distancing also stopped locals.

Reading Check

What makes it necessary to add hawker culture to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity?

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