Digital Skills and the Future of Work數(shù)字技能與職業(yè)的未來

托馬斯·奧雷利

New technologies are only as effective as the staff trained to use them.只有培訓(xùn)員工使用新技術(shù)，新技術(shù)才能發(fā)揮作用。

In the 1990s， buying a personal computer was a serious consideration. The device itself was expensive， and buyers could spend hours poring over1 specs to identify the maximum storage and processing power available within a budget. Today， the power of the cloud means that the hard drive capacity of a laptop， or the storage available with a smartphone， is far less of a deal-breaker2.

Instead， cloud-based services provided by Spotify3， Netflix and Apple allow us to access a library of music， films or photos on any device， at any time. Our personal documents are increasingly stored “in the cloud” too， through services such as Google Docs， Microsoft Office 365， and Dropbox.

The same applies to businesses. There has been a significant democratisation of workplace technology. Supporting email or the companys operating systems used to mean buying expensive servers and locking them in an overheating cupboard. Now every organisation has access to software， storage and even raw computing power itself on-demand through the cloud， and only needs to pay for the IT horsepower it uses.

This “democratisation of digital” has never been more important. While many organisations have suffered enormously as a result of Covid-19， there have also been great examples of smaller businesses using digital services to adapt quickly and thrive.

But here the great levelling power of digital starts to falter. The ability to instigate4 a social selling strategy on Facebook might come naturally to many， but for business owners that have long operated a model based on footfall5 or word of mouth it is not so easy. It might not be high-end programming， but effective social media advertising is still a digital skill. Equally， on-demand， pay-as-you-go cloud services might be more accessible financially， but the ability to maximise value from them is not so straightforward. Using the cloud to capture and store data， building analytics tools to scrutinise6 it， and integrating advanced features into a website requires skillsets that are still rare and often expensive.

The competitive advantage previously reserved for organisations with the wallets to invest in the hardware of servers and data centres is increasingly the privilege of those that have access to the best digital talent. But the ongoing digital skills scarcity in the UK means that attracting and retaining digital talent is a significant challenge for all. The reality is organisations are now seeing the consequences of the shortage. Stories of a cyberattack are now a weekly occurrence; it is hard to think of a more visible warning of what can happen to those that fall behind.

Achieving the skills transformation

Organisations should start by looking inwards. Reskilling7 and upskilling8 existing employees is the best place to begin. QA has recently completed a programme of intensive， digital boot camps where both employees and new hires were trained from scratch in skills such as software development， cloud technologies and cyber security. This allowed individuals previously in branch management to move to a new digital career. The key is to recruit for these programmes based on potential， underlying aptitude and attitude， rather than formal qualifications， pre-existing knowledge or experience.

QA has just completed a pilot boot camp programme in Greater Manchester， taking people from the fringes of the labour market and providing them with the training and support needed for a long-term digital career. By working closely with local employers， these government-funded programmes do a brilliant job of providing talent for local organisations that may otherwise not have access to the digital talent they need.

Building a long-term talent pipeline

Alongside intensive reskilling and upskilling activities， the strategy should also include longer-term talent programmes. Misunderstood， even unfashionable for many years， apprenticeship programmes are now vital for any organisation serious about closing its digital skills gap. The modern apprenticeship is also more flexible， for both individuals and employers. Apprenticeships can start in any month of the year and more off-the-job training can now be completed digitally for most tech disciplines. The programmes deliver a continuous flow of the latest digital skills into the workplace.

Its not only young people at the start of their careers choosing apprenticeships; theyre a popular way for more ex-perienced employees to retrain into new roles too. The structure and qualification an apprenticeship programme provides makes it ideal for someone looking to pivot9 their career without breaking from work. Degree apprenticeships at undergraduate or masters level are rightly increasingly popular as a development route for high-potential staff.

A race every organisation can win

The skills gap will not be solved if business leaders revert to thinking this is just a hiring game. Augmenting existing teams with tech talent is important， and absolutely has its place， but if organisations focus all of their efforts on competing for experienced individuals， this is a race that SMEs will lose. This approach purely favours those already in the game and with the deepest pockets.