科技前沿

廣東 張 燕

激活·素養解讀

實踐·讀寫整合

The first successfully cloned endangered animal 第一只被成功克隆的瀕危動物

This black-footed ferret（雪貂）is not only cute,she is beyond special.Meet Elizabeth Ann,the first endangered animal to be successfully cloned in North America.

In a joint scientific effort between the US Fish and Wildlife Service,and a combination of other organizations,an endangered species was successfully cloned.This is a huge deal on so many levels,especially for the future of species biodiversity.

Back in 2013,an organization called Revive & Restore popped up on the radar of the US Fish and Wildlife Service.Their goal is to“involve bio-technologies in standard conservation practice”.There's no denying that biodiversity hasgreat importance in conservation efforts when there are a few living animals of a species left.

Before that,way back in 1985,genetic samples from Willa,a wild black-footed ferret,were shipped to a geneticist at the San Diego Zoo.These genetic samples led to the ferret alive today.Dr Ryder,the aforementioned geneticist,works at a place called the Frozen Zoo.This incredible place houses the “largest and most diverse collection of its kind in the world”.This frozen library of life contains over 10,000 living genetic samples.The combined achievement to successfully clone the endangered blackfooted ferret is big news for this organization.

Elizabeth Ann's journey towards life began when all of the above organizations teamed up with ViaGen Pets & Equine,a commercial cloning company.A domesticated ferret was used to implant the created embryos,which was successful.Then on December 10,Elizabeth Ann was born via C-section （剖宮產）.She was cared for,and once she was stable,tests were done to confirm her genetic makeup.

Other clones from Willa's samples will join Elizabeth Ann at her current home at the National Black-footed Ferret Conservation Center in Colorado.This exciting experiment will continue as scientists work towards understanding the effects that these clones will have on the larger ecosystem,and if they will ever be able to be integrated into the wild population.

These developments are beyond exciting for the protection of many lost and endangered species.All eyes are on the Frozen Zoo and the future of cloning to protect and revitalize(使……恢復生機)threatened species around the world.

Activity A Reading for understanding

Ⅰ.Text-centered chunks

pop up突然出現

be integrated into （使）融入；（使）并入……

Ⅱ.Text-centered sentences

一、介詞短語作狀語

In a joint scientific effort between the US Fish and Wildlife Service,and a combination of other organizations,an endangered species was successfully cloned.在美國魚類及野生動物管理局和其他組織科學方面的共同努力下，一種瀕危物種被成功克隆。

【點石成金】介詞短語In a joint scientific effort between...and...在句子中作狀語，表示方式，可譯為“在……和……的共同努力下”。

【運用遷移】有了黑板上這些句子，學生們就可以很容易地把它們寫下來。

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二、There be句型

There's no denying that biodiversity has great importance in conservation efforts.不可否認，生物多樣性在保護工作中具有重要意義。

【點石成金】There is no denying that...意為“不可否認……”。

【運用遷移】不可否認，學生們應該學習一些計算機的工作原理。

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Activity B Reading for writing

假定你是李華，你們的校報刊登了關于上文成功使用克隆技術保護瀕危動物的文章，并向同學們征稿，請同學們就“使用克隆技術來保護瀕危動物”這一話題發表自己的看法。請你根據下面的內容要點給校報寫一封回信：

1.你對使用克隆技術來保護瀕危動物的看法；

2.你的理由。

注意：

1.詞數80左右；

2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；

3.至少需要使用一個There be句型或介詞短語作狀語；

4.注意段落內的邏輯關系。

Dear Editor,

Look forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

寫作導引

本次寫作任務是寫一篇征稿回信，要求學生向校報闡述自己對是否應該使用克隆技術來保護瀕危動物這一話題的看法及理由，并且需要使用There be句型或介詞短語作狀語。這些寫作要求和上面文章的主題語境是緊密相關的。我們可以通過分析并整合閱讀材料的內容和語言，拓展素材，從而梳理寫作思路。

一、語篇解碼

（一）內容分析

What is the text mainly about?

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（二）宏觀結構

Fill in the blanks according to the text.

二、素材積累

本次寫作任務是基于同一主題的文章閱讀下的寫作，我們可以通過模仿并運用文章中的語言表達，如詞塊和句型，積累寫作的語言素材。

（一）科技發展的核心表達

1.social development社會發展；社會開發

2.apply to適用于；應用于

3.It's very convenient to做……很方便

4.be expected to benefit sb有望使某人受益

5.mobile network移動網絡

6.functions and application功能及應用

7.lead a solo effort on exploring...獨自努力引領在……方面的探索

（二）表達觀點的核心表達

1.From my point of view,I am in favour of the idea that...在我看來，我認同這個觀點……

2.I can't agree more with you.我完全同意你的看法。

3.Some people think that...,while others argue that...一些人認為……，而其他人則認為……

4.First of all,...What's more,...Furthermore,...首先，……其次，……而且，……

（三）分析原因的核心表達

1.There are many reasons why...有很多原因……

2.Reasons for...are varied.……的原因是各種各樣的。

3.The reasons can be listed as follows./The reasons for this are as follows.原因可以列舉如下。

4.Another reason behind...背后的另一個原因是……

5.Efforts could be made to increase competition in...and reduce systemic risk.努力可以增加……的競爭性并降低系統性風險。

三、寫作支架

本次寫作任務要求寫一篇“觀點+原因分析”的文章。根據任務中的要求，語篇結構可定為“表達觀點+分析原因+總結觀點”。文章的框架如下：

Dear_______,

How is everything going?So glad am I to hear from you that I am writing to share with you my opinion about...

Recently,...has/have aroused wide public concern and I'm of no exception.From my point of view,I am in favour of the idea that...The reasons can be listed as follows.First of all,...What's more,...Furthermore,...

From what is mentioned above,I'm sure you can understand that...I'm eager to know your idea.Look forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

四、語篇過手

根據以上提供的主題、主題表達和語篇結構，寫出第一、二段。第一段點出主題，第二段表達觀點及分析原因。總詞數控制在80左右。

同時，學習運用前文閱讀中出現的There be句型和介詞短語作狀語，并關注段內的邏輯關系，如演繹關系、歸納關系、遞進關系和對比關系，需要注意使用恰當的連詞。

The rise of online learning 線上學習成熱潮

Globally,over 1.2 billion children are out of the classroom because of COVID-19.As a result,education has changed dramatically with the unique rise of E-learning.Research suggests that online learning has been shown to increase the reserve of information,and take less time.

While some believe that the unplanned and rapid move to online learning—with no training,insufficient bandwidth （帶寬）,and little preparation,will result in a poor user experience,others believe that a new mixed model of education will arise with significant benefits.

There is evidence that learning online can be more effective in a number of ways.Some research shows that on average,students remember 25%-60% more material when learning online compared to only 8%-10% in a classroom.This is mostly due to the students being able to learn faster online;E-learning requires 40%-60% less time to learn than in a traditional classroom setting because students can learn at their own pace,going back and re-reading,skipping,or accelerating through concepts as they choose.

There are,however,challenges to overcome.Some students without reliable Internet access or technology struggle to participate in digital learning;this gap is seen across countries and between income levels within countries.For example,while 95% of students in Switzerland,Norway,and Austria have a computer to use for their schoolwork,only 34% in Indonesia do,according to OECD data.

For those who do have access to the right technology,the effectiveness of online learning varies amongst age groups.The general consensus （普遍共識）on children,especially younger ones,is that a structured environment is required,because kids are more easily distracted.To get the full benefit of online learning,there needs to be a combined effort to provide this structure and go beyond copying a physical class/lecture through video capabilities,instead,using a range of cooperation tools and engagement methods that promote “inclusion,personalization and intelligence”,according to Dowson Tong,Senior Executive Vice President of Tencent and President of its Cloud and Smart Industries Group.

Activity A Reading for understanding

Ⅰ.Text-centered chunks

change dramatically發生巨大變化；發生戲劇性變化

result in導致；造成

be compared to與……相比

at one's own pace以某人自己的節奏

overcome challenges克服挑戰

Ⅱ.Text-centered sentences

一、定語從句

For those who do have access to the right technology,the effectiveness of online learning varies amongst age groups.對于那些能夠接觸到恰當的科技的人來說，在線學習的效果因年齡而異。

【點石成金】定語從句who do have access to the right technology用來修飾先行詞those，意為“那些能夠接觸到恰當的科技的人”。

【運用遷移】喜歡線上學習的同學認為在家里上課很方便。

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二、非謂語結構

To get the full benefit of online learning,there needs to be a combined effort to provide this structure.為了充分享受線上學習的好處，（人們）需要齊心協力來提供這種結構。

【點石成金】To get the full benefit of online learning表示“為了充分享受線上學習的好處”，這里是非謂語to do作目的狀語。

【運用遷移】為了獲得更強的信號，他爬上頂樓去上網課。

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Activity B Reading for writing

你們班本周一班會課將舉辦關于線上學習的演講比賽，請你根據下面的寫作要點寫一篇演講稿，闡述你對線上學習的看法：

1.線上學習的優點；

2.線上學習的缺點；

3.你的結論。

注意：

1.詞數80左右；

2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；

3.至少需要使用一個定語從句或非謂語結構；

4.注意段落內的邏輯關系。

Online learning

寫作導引

本次寫作任務是寫一篇演講稿，要求學生闡述自己對線上學習的看法，包括分析其利弊，并且需要使用至少一個定語從句或非謂語結構。這些寫作要求和上面文章的主題語境是緊密相關的，我們可以通過分析并整合閱讀材料的內容和語言，拓展素材，從而梳理寫作思路。

一、語篇解碼

（一）內容分析

What is the text mainly about?

_____________________________________________________________________________

（二）宏觀結構

Fill in the blanks according to the text.

二、素材積累

（一）利弊對比的核心表達

1.Generally speaking,...has/have both advantages and disadvantages.On the one hand...On the other hand...總的來說，……既有優點也有缺點。一方面……另一方面……

2.Generally,the advantages of...can be seen as follows.總的來說，……的優點如下。

3.But every coin has two sides.The disadvantages are also apparent.但是事物都具有兩面性。其缺點也很明顯。

4.Through the above analysis,I believe that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones.Therefore,I would like to suggest that...通過上述分析，我相信積極的方面勝過消極的方面。因此，我想建議……

5.From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of...,we know that...根據正反兩方面影響的比較，我們知道……

三、寫作支架

Ladies and gentlemen,

Good morning,I'm Li Hua.It's my great honor to be here to say something about...（主題）

Recently,...has/have aroused wide public concern.Generally speaking,...has/have both advantages and disadvantages.On the one hand...On the other hand...But every coin has two sides.The disadvantages are also apparent...

From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of...,we know that...

四、語篇過手

在構思演講稿的語篇框架時，應注意第一段要及時點明演講主題，第二段闡述自己的觀點和論據。總詞數控制在80左右。

同時，學習運用前文中出現的定語從句或非謂語結構，并關注段內的關系，如空間關系、時間關系或是一般邏輯關系，需要注意使用恰當的連詞。