扎里亞季耶公園 俄羅斯莫斯科市

業主單位：莫斯科市

設計單位：DS+R 建筑事務所

設計團隊：Charles Renfro（合伙人），David Chacon（項目總監），Brian Tabolt（首席設計師），Ayat Fadaifard,Seongbeom Mo,Dino Kiratzidis,Gabriel Bollag,James Murray,Zoe Small,Trevor Lamphier,Mike Robitz,Lindsay Harkema,Jose Tijerina,Kelsey Olafson

景觀設計與總體規劃：Hargreaves 設計事務所（美國）

當地合伙人與城市設計：Citymakers（俄羅斯）

照明設計：奧雅納公司

項目施工：Mosinzhproekt（俄羅斯）

項目面積：102 000 平方米

項目狀態：2017 年竣工

項目攝影：Iwan Baan,Philippe Ruault,Matthew Monteith

Client:City of Moscow

Architect:Diller Scofidio+Renfro

Team:Charles Renfro (Partner),David Chacon (Project Director),Brian Tabolt (Lead Designer),Ayat Fadaifard,Seongbeom Mo,Dino Kiratzidis,Gabriel Bollag,James Murray,Zoe Small,Trevor Lamphier,Mike Robitz,Lindsay Harkema,Jose Tijerina,Kelsey Olafson

Landscape and Masterplan Designer:Hargreaves Associates (USA)

Local Partner,Urban Designer:Citymakers (Russia)

Lighting:ARUP (USA)

Contractor:Mosinzhproekt (Russia)

Area:102 000 m2

Status:Completed 2017

Photography:Iwan Baan,Philippe Ruault,Matthew Monteith

距圣巴西勒教堂、紅場與克里姆林宮僅幾步之遙，扎里亞季耶公園所處位置歷史悠久，在這里可以飽覽俄羅斯的所有歷史和其不斷發展的愿景。此處占地35英畝，無數次見證著歷史的滄桑變遷。19世紀，這里曾是猶太人飛地。后來，一座斯大林主義摩天大樓在此處破土動工，盡管最終未曾建成。歐洲最大的酒店——羅西婭酒店——也一直屹立于此，直到2007年才被拆除。之后五年里，由于設計師諾曼·福斯特一直在負責籌劃將其擴建為商業中心，這片占據莫斯科市中心四分之一面積的核心地段一直被圍墻環繞。2012年，莫斯科市政府與莫斯科首席建筑師謝爾蓋·庫茲涅佐夫組織了一場設計競賽，旨在將這片曾經私有化的商業區域改造成一處綠地公園。由DS+R建筑事務所牽頭、與Hargreaves設計事務所、Citymakers公司聯合組成的國際競標團隊最終從來自27個國家的90份設計方案中脫穎而出。

Centrally located steps from St.Basil’s Cathedral,Red Square and the Kremlin,Zaryadye Park sits on a historically charged site saturated by Russia’s collective past and evolving aspirations.As a historic palimpsest,the 35-acre site has been populated by a Jewish enclave in the 1800’s,the foundations of a cancelled Stalinist skyscraper,and the Hotel Rossiya— the largest hotel in Europe until its demolition in 2007.For five years,this central piece of Moscow real estate—encompassing a quarter of downtown Moscow— remained fenced as plans to extend its use as a commercial center by Norman Foster were underway.In 2012,the City of Moscow and Chief Architect Sergey Kuznetsov organized a design competition to transform this historically privatized,commercial territory into a public park.An international design consortium led by Diller Scofidio+Renfro (DS+R) with Hargreaves Associates and Citymakers was selected out of ninety submissions representing 27 different countries.

扎里亞季耶公園是莫斯科過去50年來建造的第一座大型公園，由于它既是公園、城市廣場、社會空間，也兼具文化、娛樂功能，很難將其籠統歸類。為了實現功能多樣性，設計師將自然景觀覆蓋在建筑環境之上，在自然與人工、城市與鄉村、室內與室外之間創造了一系列對立元素。自然景觀和人工景觀的交織創造了一種“狂野的都市主義”，引入一種新穎的設計來襯托莫斯科歷史上莊重、對稱的公園空間。古老的基塔格勒地區（Kitay Gorod）和紅場的鵝卵石地特色與克里姆林宮里郁郁蔥蔥的花園結合在一起，創造出了一個既帶有城市化特色又具有大自然風貌的新公園。一個定制的用石頭鋪就的系統將人造景觀和自然景觀結合在了一起，產生了一個沒有界限的混合景觀，讓游客可以自由地在此漫步。莫斯科中心地區一直缺乏一個公共空間，扎里亞季耶公園填補了這項空白。

As the first large scale park to be built in Moscow in the last fifty years,Zaryadye provides a public space that resists easy categorization.It is at once park,urban plaza,social space,cultural amenity,and recreational armature.To achieve this simultaneity,natural landscapes are overlaid on top of constructed environments,creating a series of lemental face-offs between the natural and the artificial,urban and rural,interior and exterior.The intertwining of landscape and hardscape creates a ‘Wild Urbanism,” introducing a new offering to compliment Moscow’s historically formal,symmetrical park spaces.Characteristic elements of the historic district of Kitay-Gorod and the cobblestone paving of Red Square are combined with the lush gardens of the Kremlin to create a new park that is both urban and green.A custom stone paving system knits hardscape and landscape together— generating a blend rather than a border—encouraging visitors to meander freely.Zaryadye Park is the missing link that completes the collection of world-famous monuments and urban districts forming central Moscow.

在公園的每一個角落里，游客們都能看到在俄羅斯境內發現的四種不同的地區景觀：苔原、草原、森林和濕地。這些區域是在從東北到西南傾斜向下的階地上組織起來的，每一層都會和下一層疊加，創造總占地面積1.4萬平方米的閉合空間，融入到景觀之中：自然與建筑融為一體。游客可以在莫斯科河上方70米處的懸臂式建筑上俯瞰莫斯科河、新聞中心、自然中心、餐廳、市場、兩個圓形劇場和一個愛樂音樂廳（于2018年春季竣工）。

Traversing between each corner of the park,visitors encounter terraces that recreate and celebrate four diverse,regional landscapes found in Russia:tundra,steppe,forest and wetland.These zones are organized in terraces that descend from northeast to southwest,with each layering over the next to create a total of 14,000 square meters of enclosed,programmed spaces integrated into the landscape:nature and architecture act as one.Visitors can enjoy a river overlook cantilevering 70 meters over Moscow River,media center,nature center,restaurant,market,two amphitheaters and a philharmonic concert hall (scheduled for completion in Spring 2018).

局部區域的覆蓋系統還能夠促進主動和被動的氣候控制策略，確保游客可以在公園里享受到各種季節帶來的氣候變化。這些被動的氣候控制策略包括改變公園內一個景觀山丘地形和圓形劇場玻璃外殼，以利用暖空氣的自然浮力，使風力降到最小，延長植物綠色期，溫度隨著游客登上斜坡會逐漸上升。在寒冷的月份里，空氣依然溫暖。而在夏天，電動玻璃面板可以打開，通過屋頂散熱。這些自然區域可以用來聚會、休憩、觀測，與表演空間和封閉的文化展館相互呼應。除了這些規劃的場地外，一系列的觀景點可以讓游客從不同角度重新發現城市景觀之美。美妙的體驗均為游客量身定制，也由游客自己做主。

The sectional overlay also facilitates augmented microclimates that seek to extend the typically short park season.These passive climate-control strategies included calibrating the typography of one of the park’s landscaped hills and the amphitheater’s glass crust to leverage the natural buoyancy of warm air.As a result,wind is minimized,plants stay greener longer,and the temperature rises gradually as visitors ascend the slope.Warmer air is retained during the colder months,while in the summer,motorized glass panels open to expel heat through the roof.These natural zones provide places of gathering,repose and observation,in concert with performance spaces and enclosed cultural pavilions.In addition to these programmed destinations,a series of vista points provide a frame for the cityscape to rediscover it anew.Each visitor’s experience is tailor made for them,by them.

剖面圖 site section

氣候分析圖 climate diagram