How to offer first aid

四川 蔣建平（特級教師）

First aid means what it says: the aid or help that can be given to an injured person first and which is before any other help. Usually the first thing we should do if a serious accident happens is to telephone for an ambulance, but sometimes quick actions by us may save someone's life.

Shock:People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury. The face turns grey and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink.

Broken bones:Don't move the person. Send for an ambulance at once.

Poison:A person who has swallowed the poison should be taken to hospital at once. With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the person sick by pushing your fingers down his throat. But if he has swallowed some kind of acid （酸）, or anything that burns, it would be a bad thing to make the person sick by pushing your fingers down his throat. The poison would burn his throat as it comes up. It is, therefore, best to find out what the person has taken so that you can call to tell the doctor.

Suffocation（窒息）: This means not being able to breathe. For example, a drowning person will have his lungs full of water. Lay him down with his head lower than the rest of his body so that the water will drain out. If the person has something stuck in his throat, try to remove it with your fingers,or by hitting him on the back. When a person has stopped breathing because of drowning, electric shocks, breathing in a poisonous gas, etc., you can help him to begin breathing again.

Remember:When an accident happens, send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once.Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him. If you see an injured person who is being looked after, keep away.

Reading Check

首先，值班律師向檢察機關提出的書面辯護意見必須征得被告人的同意。在提交辯護意見之前，律師必須就該意見的內容與被告人進行充分的溝通與協商，保證被告人充分理解各項內容的法律意義。如果被告人不同意該律師意見，律師應盡量說服被告人接受自己的觀點;如果被告人堅持自己的意見，律師則應該告知被告人相關法律決定可能存在的法律風險，并根據被告人的辯護觀點及時調整辯護意見，以避免自己的辯護意見同被告人的辯護觀點發生沖突。

1. How does the author develop the first paragraph?

A. By explaining a definition.

B. By using previous data.

C. By listing different reasons.

D. By comparing people's opinions.

2. What does the underlined phrase “drain out” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. Squeeze out. B. Flow away.

C. Leave out. D. Cut off.

3. Where is this text most likely from?

A. A newspaper.

B. A safety booklet.

C. An advertisement.

D. A popular magazine.

Language Study

Ⅰ. so that和so...that...

●在so...that...句型中，so后面加形容詞或副詞，該句型意為“如此……以至于……”。 如：

This book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it.

這本書很有趣，人人都想看看。

●so that引導目的狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞通常和can、may、should等情態動詞連用，意為“以便；為了；使能夠”。 如：

They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.

為了能趕上早班車，他們早早地就起床了。

Ⅱ. 漢譯英

1. 那時我很忙，沒時間寫信。

2. 請把窗戶打開，以便我們能呼吸到新鮮的空氣。