鄭捷 李一軍






摘 要:目前稅收遵從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的研究大多聚焦于企業(yè)自身的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀態(tài),忽視了廣泛存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)傳導(dǎo)現(xiàn)象。本文通過挖掘整合多源數(shù)據(jù),構(gòu)建了企業(yè)稅收遵從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)的知識(shí)圖譜,研究了以欠稅風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為代表的稅收遵從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在企業(yè)內(nèi)外部的關(guān)聯(lián)傳導(dǎo)問題。結(jié)果表明:同一企業(yè),不同稅收遵從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)傳導(dǎo)特征較為明顯,稅收遵從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與失信風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因政府監(jiān)管而呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān)特征;不同企業(yè),具有相同法人代表、相同聯(lián)系方式的情形下,稅收遵從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)聯(lián)度顯著提升,其與失信風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)聯(lián)度也隨之提高。本研究擴(kuò)展了稅收遵從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的理論研究視野,并為稅收管理實(shí)踐提供了新的理念和思路。
關(guān)鍵詞:稅收遵從風(fēng)險(xiǎn);知識(shí)圖譜;風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)
中圖分類號(hào):C931.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):2097-0145(2022)01-0048-08 doi:10.11847/fj.41.1.48
Abstract:Most of existing research on tax compliance risk only focused on a single enterprise, ignored the widespread phenomenon of risk correlation transmission. This paper integrates multi-source data to construct a knowledge graph of enterprise tax compliance risk. Based on the knowledge graph, the correlation of tax compliance risks inside and outside enterprises are studied from multiple perspectives. Research shows that tax compliance risk does not exist in isolation. Within the enterprise, the tax compliance risk conduction characteristic is obvious. Externally, the same legal representative and contact method can improve the correlation of tax compliance risks among different enterprises, and also improve the correlation between tax compliance risk and trust-breaking risk. This study expands the theoretical research field of tax compliance risk, even provides new ideas for tax management practice.
Key words:tax compliance risk; knowledge graph; risk correlation
1 引言
稅收是國(guó)家公共財(cái)政最主要的收入來源和形式,其本質(zhì)是國(guó)家憑借公共權(quán)力參與國(guó)民收入分配的一種特殊分配關(guān)系,對(duì)于調(diào)節(jié)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益、維護(hù)國(guó)家權(quán)益、促進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展有著極其重要的意義。
稅收遵從(Tax Compliance)是與稅收緊密相關(guān)的一個(gè)概念,經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織OECD將其定義為納稅人遵守其所在國(guó)家稅收法規(guī)的程度,例如,納稅人及時(shí)申報(bào)和繳納稅款。稅收遵從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是指納稅人受各種負(fù)面的不確定因素的影響,未依法履行納稅義務(wù)或者未服從稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)及稅務(wù)人員合法合規(guī)管理,而造成的國(guó)家稅收流失風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和納稅人利益損失風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。企業(yè)欠稅行為就是一種典型的稅收不遵從行為,也是稅收遵從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的典型表現(xiàn)形式,在全世界普遍存在且影響重大[1,2]。……