Loss of skeletal muscle mass is not specific to type 2 diabetes

TO THE EDlTOR

We read with great interest the study by Chen LY

[1] which discovered that there is a relationship between loss of skeletal muscle mass and the presence of diabetic mellitus in males, but not in females. The findings have positive implications for the treatment and prevention of diabetes. Nonetheless, it appears to me that there are still some issues worth rethinking.

In the study, loss of skeletal muscle mass was shown to be associated with diabetes in men; however,the loss of skeletal muscle mass is not unique to diabetes. High insulin resistance occurs in both type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Insulin resistance plays a major role in the development of hypertension. Previous animal studies have also found that the spontaneously hypertensive rat manifests insulin resistance[2]. At the same time, there is a loss of skeletal muscle mass in insulinresistant diseases. Skeletal muscle is the largest insulin-sensitive tissue in the body. Decreased muscle mass is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased fat infiltration. This leads to a decrease in glucose processing capacity. Therefore, loss of skeletal muscle mass is also associated with hypertension.

In addition, insulin resistance also appears in adolescent obesity. Lipid accumulation is evident in skeletal muscles in adolescents with obesity. Intermuscular fat may impair insulin action through reducing blood flow to muscles[3,4]. Obesity is associated with biological dysfunction in skeletal muscles[5]. Sarcopenic obesity is a symptom of obesity with loss of muscle mass and physical dysfunction. Obesity can cause several biological dysfunctions, including insulin resistance,mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. These changes further aggravate skeletal muscle loss and physical dysfunction. There is a study that shows that in the early stages of juvenile obesity development, the microvasculature and prefrontal cortex exhibit impaired insulin signaling[6]. This study suggests that obesity has insulin resistance. At the same time, there is a loss of skeletal muscle mass in insulin-resistant diseases. This further suggests that skeletal muscle mass loss is not unique to diabetes.

In summary, decreased skeletal muscle mass occurs in both hypertension and obesity. Insulin resistance is not just a loss of skeletal muscle mass. Loss of skeletal muscle mass is also present in many diseases and is not a specific feature of diabetes. More research is needed to determine the relationship between reduced skeletal muscle mass and diabetes.

This he did, and then his parents had it proclaimed over the whole country that he was their eldest son, and along with his spouse20 should inherit the country and kingdom after them

Zhou B and He LP came up with ideas and constructs; Zhou B and Jin YQ wrote the manuscript; He LP approved the main conceptual ideas and made corrections; all authors provided final edits and approved the manuscript.

FOOTNOTES

Is it possible that Prince Featherhead can have parted with it? He would part with his life sooner, lovely Princess, answered he; I can assure you of that, for I am Prince Featherhead

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BYNC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is noncommercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Every author stated that there is no commercial, professional, or personal conflict of interest relevant to the study and hereby proves that it complies with the principles of publishing ethics.

At last, tired of disporting24 themselves, they swam to the shore, and twenty-nine of them put on their little white garments and instantly turned into so many beautiful maidens26

China

“Oh, I have forgotten my boots and my mittens,” cried little Gerda, as soon as she felt the cutting cold, but the reindeer dared not stop, so he ran on till he reached the bush with the red berries; here he set Gerda down, and he kissed her, and the great bright tears trickled11 over the animal’s cheeks; then he left her and ran back as fast as he could.

Bo Zhou 0000-0002-2141-4523; Ying-Qi Jin 0000-0003-4805-449X; Lian-Ping He 0000-0002-9627-5599.

Wang LL

Filipodia

Wang LL

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