




[摘要] 目的 探討細(xì)胞角蛋白7(CK7)、特殊的含AT序列的結(jié)合蛋白2(SATB2)、配對(duì)盒基因8(PAX8)聯(lián)合腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性鑒別診斷原發(fā)性與下消化道轉(zhuǎn)移性卵巢黏液癌的意義。
方法 選取原發(fā)性卵巢黏液性腫瘤(PMOC)標(biāo)本74例,下消化道轉(zhuǎn)移性卵巢黏液癌(MMOC)標(biāo)本16例,統(tǒng)計(jì)腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性,免疫組化方法檢測(cè)標(biāo)本CK7、SATB2、PAX8、細(xì)胞角蛋白20(CK20)及尾型同源盒轉(zhuǎn)錄因子2(CDX2)的表達(dá),分析上述指標(biāo)在二者鑒別診斷中的意義。
結(jié)果 CK7、PAX8在PMOC組織陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率高于MMOC(P=0.000、0.000),SATB2、CK20、CDX2在MMOC組織陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率高于PMOC(P=0.000,χ2=14.16~17.30,Plt;0.05);CK7、PAX8、SATB2聯(lián)合腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性診斷PMOC的準(zhǔn)確度分別為82.2%、76.7%、74.4%,CK7/CDX2/CK20診斷PMOC的準(zhǔn)確度為76.6%,CK7/PAX8/SATB2/大小/側(cè)向性診斷PMOC準(zhǔn)確度、靈敏度、特異度、約登指數(shù)分別為94.4%、93.2%、100.0%、93.2%。
結(jié)論 單個(gè)指標(biāo)CK7、PAX8、SATB2可以鑒別PMOC與MMOC,聯(lián)合腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性診斷效能顯著提高。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 卵巢腫瘤;病理學(xué),臨床;角蛋白7;配對(duì)盒基因8;特殊的含AT序列的結(jié)合蛋白2;診斷,鑒別
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R737.31
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A
[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2023)01-0122-05
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2023.59.035
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20230308.1058.017.html;2023-03-09 17:01:35
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CK7, SATB2, AND PAX8 COMBINED WITH TUMOR SIZE AND LATERALITY IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY AND LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL METASTATIC OVARIAN MUCINOUS CARCINOMA
LI Hongxuan, XIA Nannan, SONG Kejuan, ZHANG Dan, ZHAO Han, YAO Qin
(Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Women and Children Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China)
; [ABSTRACT] "Objective "To explore the application of cytokeratin 7 (CK7), special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2), and paired box gene 8 (PAX8) combined with tumor size and laterality in differential diagnosis of primary mucinous ovarian carcinoma (PMOC) and metastatic mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MMOC) of lower digestive tract.
Methods nbsp;Tumor size and laterality were measured using 74 specimens of PMOC and 16 specimens of MMOC. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of CK7, SATB2, PAX8, cytokeratin 20 (CK20), and caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2). The significance of the above indicators in the differential diagnosis of PMOC and MMOC was analyzed.
Results "The positive expression rate of CK7 and PAX8 was higher in PMOC than in MMOC (P=0.000,0.000), and the positive expression rate of SATB2, CK20, and CDX2 was higher in MMOC than in PMOC (P=0.000;χ2=14.16-17.30,Plt;0.05). The PMOC diagnostic accuracy of CK7, PAX8, and SATB2 combined with tumor size and laterality was 82.2%, 76.7%, and 74.4%, respectively. The PMOC diagnostic accuracy of CK7/CDX2/CK20 was 76.6%. The PMOC diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index of CK7/PAX8/SATB2/tumor size/laterality was 94.4%, 93.2%, 100.0%, and 93.2%, respectively.
Conclusion "CK7, PAX8, or SATB2 can be used to differentiate between PMOC and MMOC. The diagnostic efficiency is significantly improved in combination with tumor size and laterality.
[KEY WORDS] "ovarian neoplasms; pathology, clinical; keratin-7; paired box gene 8; special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2; diagnosis, differential
卵巢黏液癌是上皮性卵巢癌比較少見(jiàn)的一種類(lèi)型,約占上皮性卵巢腫瘤的1%~3%[1]。卵巢是其他部位惡性腫瘤常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)移位點(diǎn)[2],初步診斷為原發(fā)性卵巢黏液癌(PMOC)的病人中有50%~70%來(lái)自于其他部位的轉(zhuǎn)移,并以下消化道來(lái)源的黏液癌轉(zhuǎn)移最為常見(jiàn)[3]。PMOC和轉(zhuǎn)移性卵巢黏液癌(MMOC)組織學(xué)及生物學(xué)行為相似,鑒別診斷較困難[4],并且二者的治療與預(yù)后差異較大[5],有效鑒別PMOC與MMOC具有重要意義。目前臨床上無(wú)有效區(qū)分PMOC和MMOC的方法。相關(guān)研究結(jié)果顯示,可以根據(jù)腫瘤大小及側(cè)向性區(qū)分原發(fā)性與轉(zhuǎn)移性腫瘤[6-7]。細(xì)胞角蛋白7(CK7)、細(xì)胞角蛋白20(CK20)、尾型同源盒轉(zhuǎn)錄因子2(CDX2)是區(qū)分原發(fā)瘤與轉(zhuǎn)移瘤的經(jīng)典指標(biāo),下消化道來(lái)源腫瘤通常CK20、CDX2陽(yáng)性表達(dá);PMOC常為CK7陽(yáng)性表達(dá),CK20、CDX2陰性表達(dá),但由于CK20、CDX2也可以在PMOC中表達(dá),使得其診斷靈敏度、準(zhǔn)確度降低[8]。近年來(lái),特殊的含AT序列的結(jié)合蛋白2(SATB2)被證實(shí)為結(jié)直腸上皮和闌尾上皮特異和敏感的標(biāo)志物[9]。配對(duì)盒基因8(PAX8)是卵巢黏液性惡性腫瘤特異性較強(qiáng),但表達(dá)率較低的一個(gè)指標(biāo)[10]。本研究探討CK7、SATB2、PAX8聯(lián)合腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性在鑒別PMOC和MMOC中的應(yīng)用,為二者臨床鑒別診斷提供新思路。 現(xiàn)將研究結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 標(biāo)本及其來(lái)源
選取青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院2014年10月—2019年2月手術(shù)切除的PMOC和MMOC標(biāo)本90例,均經(jīng)40 g/L甲醛溶液固定、石蠟包埋。其中原發(fā)性卵巢黏液腺癌27例,原發(fā)性卵巢交界性黏液性腫瘤47例;闌尾MMOC 9例,結(jié)直腸MMOC 6例,小腸MMOC 1例。所有標(biāo)本均由兩名經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的病理科醫(yī)生復(fù)診。收集所有病人的年齡、腫瘤大小等臨床及病理特征資料。所選病人術(shù)前均未接受放療和化療,未合并其他惡性腫瘤及影響效應(yīng)指標(biāo)觀測(cè)、判斷的其他疾病。
1.2 檢測(cè)指標(biāo)及方法
使用免疫組織化學(xué)方法對(duì)標(biāo)本進(jìn)行SATB2、CK7、PAX8、CK20和CDX2染色。以PBS替代一抗作為陰性對(duì)照,乳腺浸潤(rùn)性導(dǎo)管癌標(biāo)本作為CK7的陽(yáng)性對(duì)照,結(jié)直腸癌標(biāo)本作為CK20、CDX2以及SATB2的陽(yáng)性對(duì)照,卵巢低分化漿液癌作為PAX8的陽(yáng)性對(duì)照。所用免疫組織化學(xué)染色試劑均購(gòu)自abcam公司。
1.3 結(jié)果判定
CK7及CK20在細(xì)胞質(zhì)表達(dá),CDX2、SATB2及PAX8在細(xì)胞核表達(dá)。由經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的病理學(xué)專(zhuān)家使用雙盲、二級(jí)計(jì)分法判定結(jié)果。陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞比例計(jì)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):lt;1%為0分,1%~25%為1分,26%~50%為2分,51%~75%為3分,gt;75%為4分。染色強(qiáng)度評(píng)分:未著色為0分,淡黃色為1分,黃色或深黃色且背景未著色為2分,深褐色并淺棕色背景為2分,黃褐色或棕褐色為3分。以上述兩項(xiàng)分?jǐn)?shù)的乘積作為最終評(píng)分,評(píng)分lt;3分為陰性表達(dá),評(píng)分≥3分為陽(yáng)性表達(dá)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
應(yīng)用SPSS 22.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。數(shù)據(jù)資料比較采用t檢驗(yàn)、χ2檢驗(yàn)、Fisher精確檢驗(yàn)或Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)。Plt;0.05表示差異有顯著性。
2 結(jié)" 果
2.1 PMOC與MMOC病人臨床及免疫組化特征比較
PMOC與MMOC病人年齡差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05)。PMOC組CK7、PAX8的陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率高于MMOC組,SATB2、CK20、CDX2的陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率低于MMOC組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000;χ2=14.16~17.30,Plt;0.05),PAX8在MMOC組織中不表達(dá)(圖1)。PMOC組腫瘤直徑顯著大于MMOC組(Z=-2.585,Plt;0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。ROC曲線(xiàn)分析顯示,根據(jù)腫瘤大小鑒別診斷PMOC與MMOC的曲線(xiàn)下面積為0.706(95%CI=0.563~0.849,P=0.010)。選取腫瘤直徑10 cm作為最佳界值,PMOC組有61例(82.4%)腫瘤直徑gt;10 cm,MMOC組僅有6例(37.5%)腫瘤直徑gt;10 cm(圖2),兩組比較差異有顯著性(P=0.001)。PMOC組腫瘤單側(cè)者68例(91.9%),MMOC組腫瘤雙側(cè)者11例(68.8%),兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000)。
2.2 單個(gè)指標(biāo)對(duì)PMOC、MMOC的診斷效果
CDX2、CK20對(duì)PMOC與MMOC進(jìn)行鑒別診斷的準(zhǔn)確度分別為72.2%、64.4%,靈敏度則分別為68.9%、58.1%,是所有指標(biāo)中除PAX8外較低的兩個(gè)。雖然PAX8診斷PMOC與MMOC的準(zhǔn)確度僅為41.1%,但其在MMOC中不表達(dá),診斷特異度為100.0%。CK7、SATB2、腫瘤大小及側(cè)向性診斷PMOC與MMOC的準(zhǔn)確度較高,其中SATB2的準(zhǔn)確度最高,為91.9%。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 CK7、PAX8、SATB2聯(lián)合腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性對(duì)PMOC、MMOC的診斷效果
CK7/大小/側(cè)向性聯(lián)合診斷PMOC與MMOC的準(zhǔn)確度高于CK7/CDX2/CK20聯(lián)合(82.2% vs 76.7%)。PAX8聯(lián)合腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性使得診斷的靈敏度、準(zhǔn)確度較PAX8升高。PAX8分別與CK7、SATB2聯(lián)合無(wú)鑒別診斷意義(P=1.000、0.553),但再聯(lián)合腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性診斷的特異度、準(zhǔn)確度均升高。CK7/PAX8/SATB2聯(lián)合診斷PMOC與MMOC的準(zhǔn)確度高于CK7/CDX2/CK20聯(lián)合(86.7% vs 76.7%)。CK7/PAX8/SATB2與大小、側(cè)向性聯(lián)合診斷PMOC與MMOC具有較高的靈敏度、特異度、準(zhǔn)確度及約登指數(shù),為所有指標(biāo)單獨(dú)或聯(lián)合診斷中最高者。見(jiàn)表3。
3 討" 論
PMOC與MMOC的鑒別診斷一直是臨床工作中的挑戰(zhàn)。卵巢黏液癌可與其他組織學(xué)類(lèi)型的腫瘤同時(shí)存在,表現(xiàn)為持續(xù)的惡性進(jìn)展過(guò)程,與結(jié)直腸癌的進(jìn)展過(guò)程相似[11],MMOC的生長(zhǎng)模式與PMOC類(lèi)似[12]。原發(fā)性與轉(zhuǎn)移性卵巢癌治療方案與預(yù)后截然不同[13],因此有效區(qū)分原發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移性腫瘤對(duì)病人的臨床管理十分重要。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,單個(gè)指標(biāo)CK7、PAX8、SATB2可以用于鑒別PMOC與MMOC,聯(lián)合腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性診斷效能顯著提高。
繼發(fā)性卵巢腫瘤通常雙側(cè)受累[14],腫瘤體積大于胃腸道原發(fā)部位,有時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移癥狀先于原發(fā)癥狀出現(xiàn),導(dǎo)致病人最初的臨床表現(xiàn)可能為卵巢或盆腔腫物[7]。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,應(yīng)用側(cè)向性可正確診斷87.8%病人,PMOC病人中有91.1%表現(xiàn)為單側(cè),與既往文獻(xiàn)結(jié)果相一致[15]。本文研究有68.8%的MMOC病人腫瘤為雙側(cè),較相關(guān)研究46.3%結(jié)果稍高[16],但低于LEE等[17]結(jié)果(75%),原因可能與國(guó)內(nèi)外人群差異或標(biāo)本量不同有關(guān)。應(yīng)用腫瘤側(cè)向性診斷PMOC與MMOC的特異度較低,有誤診的可能。轉(zhuǎn)移瘤體積通常小于原發(fā)性卵巢腫瘤[14-15]。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,與MMOC組相比,PMOC組腫瘤直徑顯著增大,82.4%的PMOC病人腫瘤最大直徑gt;10 cm。腫瘤大小與側(cè)向性的聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可提高PMOC診斷的特異度(81.3%),當(dāng)卵巢或盆腔包塊較小且為雙側(cè)時(shí),應(yīng)高度考慮惡性轉(zhuǎn)移可能[18]。雖然腫瘤大小和側(cè)向性可以區(qū)分原發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移癌,但約登指數(shù)僅為57.0%,準(zhǔn)確度僅為76.7%,仍需更準(zhǔn)確的方法鑒別PMOC與MMOC。
CK7、CK20、CDX2是區(qū)分卵巢原發(fā)性與下消化道轉(zhuǎn)移癌最常用、最典型的標(biāo)志物。但它們?cè)谀[瘤組織免疫組化中的重疊表達(dá)降低了診斷的準(zhǔn)確性[19]。既往研究顯示,CK7、CK20是鑒別PMOC與MMOC的有效指標(biāo)[20],但本研究中CK7、CK20聯(lián)合鑒別診斷PMOC與MMOC診斷效能差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,這可能與CK20靈敏度低[8]或者樣本量較小有關(guān)。CDX2是結(jié)直腸癌特異性的標(biāo)記物,本研究中CDX2在87.5%的MMOC中表達(dá),診斷PMOC與MMOC的特異度達(dá)87.5%,與既往文獻(xiàn)結(jié)果相一致[21]。但CDX2診斷的靈敏度較低[22],本研究中CDX2診斷PMOC與MMOC的靈敏度為68.9%,陰性預(yù)測(cè)值僅為37.9%,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致誤診。在SATB2、CDX2、CK20等指標(biāo)中,SATB2區(qū)分原發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移癌的靈敏度、準(zhǔn)確度最高。PAX8是苗勒管來(lái)源腫瘤敏感特異的標(biāo)志物,在卵巢黏液性
腫瘤中表達(dá)不穩(wěn)定,表達(dá)率為0~70%,在下消化道
上皮組織中基本不表達(dá)[23]。本文結(jié)果顯示,PAX8在PMOC組織表達(dá)陽(yáng)性率為28.4%,在MMOC組織中不表達(dá)。HU等[24]研究顯示,PAX8在53.2%的PMOC組織中表達(dá)。本文結(jié)果與其不一致,可能與檢測(cè)所用抗體或樣本量不同有關(guān)。PAX8表達(dá)陽(yáng)性應(yīng)高度懷疑為PMOC而非MMOC。
本文研究首次聯(lián)合CK7、PAX8、SATB2與腫瘤大小、腫瘤側(cè)向性鑒別診斷PMOC與MMOC,結(jié)果顯示,CK7、PAX8與腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性聯(lián)合診斷PMOC與MMOC的靈敏度、準(zhǔn)確度均較單個(gè)指標(biāo)升高,SATB2聯(lián)合腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性診斷PMOC與MMOC具有100%的特異度,CK7/PAX8/SATB2三者聯(lián)合診斷兩種疾病的靈敏度、準(zhǔn)確度高于CK7/CDX2/CK20聯(lián)合;CK7/PAX8/SATB2與腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性聯(lián)合診斷具有最高的靈敏度(93.2%)、特異度(100.0%)、準(zhǔn)確度及約登指數(shù)(93.2%),診斷效果最好。因此,可以考慮在不增加成本的基礎(chǔ)上,用PAX8、SATB2替代CDX2、CK20,聯(lián)合腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性提高PMOC與MMOC鑒別診斷的效率。
綜上所述,CK7、PAX8、SATB2表達(dá)檢測(cè)可以鑒別PMOC與MMOC,聯(lián)合腫瘤大小、側(cè)向性診斷效能顯著提高,聯(lián)合診斷效能優(yōu)于單個(gè)或多個(gè)免疫組化指標(biāo)。PAX8陽(yáng)性表達(dá)應(yīng)高度懷疑為PMOC,而非MMOC。但本文研究樣本量較小,且為單中心樣本,為提高鑒別診斷的效率,需要擴(kuò)大樣本量、納入多地區(qū)、多種族人群繼續(xù)研究。卵巢黏液癌的確診仍需要詳盡的影像學(xué)檢查、徹底的術(shù)中探查及準(zhǔn)確的組織病理學(xué)檢查。
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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))