不同栽培模式對(duì)光伏大棚黑木耳產(chǎn)量及營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)的影響

陳曉文 郭喜軍 李富春 張蓉

摘要：為掌握隴中旱作區(qū)不同栽培模式下光伏鋼架大棚黑木耳產(chǎn)量及營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)的變化規(guī)律，提高黑木耳產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。以黑木耳品種黑威15號(hào)為指示品種，在通渭縣光伏基地光伏鋼架大棚內(nèi)對(duì)黑木耳進(jìn)行立體吊袋、棚架層排、塑料袋地栽3種不同栽培模式的比較試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明，與塑料袋地栽相比，立體吊袋栽培、棚架層排栽培的黑木耳營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)均有所提升，尤其以總糖、粗蛋白、粗纖維、可溶性糖、總氨基酸等營養(yǎng)成分含量提升明顯。立體吊袋栽培表現(xiàn)更優(yōu)，立體吊袋栽培的黑木耳總糖、灰分、粗蛋白、粗纖維、可溶性糖、總氨基酸等營養(yǎng)成分含量分別較塑料袋地栽提升了46.93%、36.48%、36.25%、68.49%、68.32%、15.89%，差異達(dá)顯著水平。采用立體吊袋栽培生產(chǎn)時(shí)，黑木耳平均生長速度最快，為0.25 cm/d；成品率高，為98.5%；黑木耳原基形成時(shí)間和出耳周期短，分別為19、16 d；黑木耳子實(shí)體外觀品質(zhì)最優(yōu)（單耳鮮重最大，耳片的長度和寬度最高），商品等級(jí)高；單袋鮮耳總產(chǎn)量、單袋平均干耳產(chǎn)量均最高，分別為1 071.4、85.3 g，分別較塑料袋地栽增加了473.4、26.9 g，增幅為79.2%、46.1%，增產(chǎn)達(dá)顯著水平，且各茬次鮮耳產(chǎn)量分布最佳。綜合考慮認(rèn)為，立體吊袋栽培模式在隴中旱作區(qū)黑木耳生產(chǎn)上有良好的推廣應(yīng)用前景。

關(guān)鍵詞：栽培模式；光伏大棚；黑木耳；立體吊袋栽培；產(chǎn)量；營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)

中圖分類號(hào)：S646.6；S625.2? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A? ? ? ? ? 文章編號(hào)：2097-2172（2023）06-0548-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2023.06.013

Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Yield and Nutrients of

Auricularia auricula in Photovoltaic Greenhouses

CHEN Xiaowen， GUO Xijun， LI Fuchun， ZHANG Rong

（Tongwei County Agricultural Technology Extension Centre， Tongwei Gansu 743300， China）

Abstract： In order to determine the variation of yield and nutrient compositions of Auricularia auricularia in photovoltaic steel frame greenhouses under different cultivation modes in dry farming areas of central Gansu so as to improve the yield and quality of Auricularia auricularia， 3 different cultivation modes， i.e.， three-dimensional lifting bag cultivation， shelter cultivation and open-air cultivation using plastic bags， of Auricularia auricularia were carried out in photovoltaic steel frame greenhouses of Tongwei County to conduct comparative experiment using variety Heiwei 15 as the experimental material. The results showed that when compared with open- air cultivation using plastic bags， nutritive values in three- dimensional lifting bag cultivation and shelter cultivation were all increased to some extent with significant in creases detected in the contents of total sugar， crude protein， crude fiber， soluble sugar， total amino acids. Nutritive values in three-dimensional lifting bag cultivation were superior， in which contents of total sugar， ash， crude protein， crude fiber， soluble sugar and total amino acids were significantly increased by 46.93 %， 36.48 %， 36.25%， 68.49%， 68.32% and 15.89%， respectively when compared with those of open-air cultivation using plastic bags. The average growth rate of Auricularia auricula was the fastest in three-dimensional lifting bag cultivation， which was 0.25 cm/d with the high rate of product reaching 98.5%， the formation time and ear-emergence period of Auricularia auriculata were shorter in this cultivation mode which were 19 d and 16 d， respectively， the appearance quality of Auricularia auricula fruiting body was the best in this cultivation mode （the fresh weight of single piece was the largest， the length and width of pieces were the highest）， and the commodity grade was high. The yield was the highest in three- dimensional lifting bag cultivation， the total yield of single bag fresh yield and the average dry yield of single bag were the highest， which were 1 071.4 g and 85.3 g， respectively， which were 473.4 g and 26.9 g higher than those of open-air cultivation using plastic bags， respectively， with an increase rates of 79.2% and 46.1%， respectively. The yield increase was significant， and the yield distribution of fresh black fungus in each stubble was the best. To sum up， three-dimensional lifting bag cultivation shows a good prospect of popularization and application in dry farming areas in central Gansu.

Key words： Cultivation mode; Photovoltaic greenhouse; Auricularia auricula（L.ex Hook.）Underw; Three-dimensional lifting bag cultivation; Yield; Nutritive value

收稿日期：2023 - 04 - 25

基金項(xiàng)目：隴原青年創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)人才（團(tuán)隊(duì)）項(xiàng)目（111266609026）。

作者簡(jiǎn)介：陳曉文（1983 — ），男，甘肅通渭人，推廣研究員，碩士，主要從事旱作農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣與示范工作。Email：? 406916378@qq.com。

通信作者：張? ?蓉（1976 — ），男，甘肅通渭人，正高級(jí)農(nóng)藝師，碩士，主要從事旱作農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣與示范工作。Email： zhangr1976@163.com。