昝亞娟

四層考點預測
考點1 考查詞匯在語篇語境中的運用完形填空題要求考生在整體理解語篇意義的基礎上,根據具體語境選擇一個恰當的詞填入設空處。選項具有以下特征:1. 四個選項沒有近義詞,意義相差很大;2. 四個選項詞性相同,語法形式一致;3. 四個選項在語法上都是正確的,都可填入設空處,只是意義不同,或與語境不符,或邏輯不通,或不符合文章的主題。因此,我們必須依據具體的語境來選擇最佳答案。
真題鏈接
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which be?came his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a veryyoung age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening around hishome. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away anumber of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 26 that itwas because there werent enough trees to protect them from the 27 .
21. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
23. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
24. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
26. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
27. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
備考點睛
本文講述了一個名叫Molai的印度男子植樹造林的故事。文章的主題語境為人與自然,話題為保護環境。在解題時,我們應關注設空句的具體語境,來選擇最佳答案。
Molai住的村子附近的濕地是他的第二個家(home),故第21題的答案為C。經常在濕地玩耍,所以他從小就知道了大自然(nature)的價值和美麗,故第22題的答案為A。他16歲時開始注意到令人不安的(disturbing)事情在他的家鄉發生,故第23題的答案為C。洪澇災害發生了,它帶來的破壞(damage)導致一些小鳥飛走了,故第24題的答案為D。蛇的數量也減少了,此句與前文構成并列關系,故第25題的答案為A。他意識到(realized)這是因為沒有足夠的樹來保護它們免受高溫(heat)的影響,故第26題的答案為B,第27題的答案為B。
考點2 考查對語篇的整體理解
完形填空題的設題技巧性非常強,邏輯非常嚴謹。正確選項通常與整體語篇存在著千絲萬縷的聯系,關注整體語篇對解題至關重要。
真題鏈接
Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times, andhas even learned to 41 different dialects (方言), leading to him being described as an“Oscar?winning actor”
The 60?year?old is not an actor, but a 42 . However, he is more devoted to his“ 43 ”than any real actor.
In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beg?gars. To look into the 44 , Wang disguised (偽裝) himself and 45 the beggars.Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the 46 of a real beggar and his convincing dialectsoon won him the 47 of the beggars.
41. A. teach B. compare C. assess D. speak
42. A. lawyer B. doctor C. policeman D. businessman
43. A. role B. study C. family D. audience
44. A. mirror B. case C. future D. question
45. A. interviewed B. joined C. arrested D. assisted
46. A. challenge B. experience C. appearance D. freedom
47. A. vote B. sympathy C. permission D. trust
備考點睛
本文是一篇記敘文,講述了警察王先生多次喬裝打扮,學會說不同的方言,冒險潛伏在犯罪團伙中,最終成功破案的故事。文章的主題語境為人與社會。我們在解題時,應關注整體語篇,從文中找到解題的線索。
在過去的38年里,王先生多次喬裝打扮,甚至學會了說(speak)不同的方言,因此他被稱為“奧斯卡獲獎演員”,故第41題的答案為D。這位60歲的老人不是演員,而是一名警察(policeman),故第42題的答案為C。然而,他比任何真正的演員都更專注于他的“角色(role)”,故第43題的答案為A。為了調查這個案子(case),王先生偽裝自己,并加入(joined)到一幫乞丐中,故第44題的答案為B,第45題的答案為B。骯臟的短褲和舊鞋子使他的外表(appearance)看起來像一個真正的乞丐,并且他那令人信服的方言很快贏得了乞丐們的信任(trust),故第46題的答案為C,第47題的答案為D。
考點3 考查對語篇結構和主題的把握
有的完形填空題的素材并非完全采用敘述的手法,而是在敘事的同時,融入一些議論,此類文章往往采用敘議結合的寫作方法。遇到此類素材的完形填空題,我們要認真分析文章的結構,從議論中歸納出文章的主題。此類文章通常采用以下三種模式:
1. 事件—觀點
作者首先敘述一個典型事件,然后針對這一事件發表自己的觀點和看法。
2. 觀點—事件
作者先提出一種觀點或看法,然后圍繞這一觀點或看法用具體的事件作為例證。
3. 觀點—事件—觀點
作者先提出一種觀點或看法,然后用事件進行說明,最后再總結、歸納自己的觀點或表明自己的態度。
真題鏈接
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education departmentwas offering a“free”course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea oftaking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars? More thanthat, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent 43 enough about freecredits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand?master, which 45 I would be learning from one of the games 46 . I could hardlywait to 47 him.
41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired
44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor
45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant
46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest
47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat
備考點睛
本文的原文敘議結合,前兩段敘事,最后一段發表議論,議論部分升華了主題。
我們只有通過分析文章的結構,才能準確把握文章的主題,從而精準解題。
“我”急切地接受了(jumped at)選修Thinking Chess課的想法,故第41題的答案為B。根據第一句中的the education department was offering a“free”course可知,第42空所在處指的是“誰不想省(save)幾美元呢?”,故第42題的答案為C。即便免費的學分不能讓“我”足夠興奮(excited),關于這門課的講師(instructor)的消息對“我”也是非常有吸引力的,故第43題的答案為A,第44題的答案為D。他是一位國際特級大師,這就意味著(meant“) 我”可以向該領域最優秀的(best)人學習。所以“我”迫不及待地想見到(meet)他。故第45、46、47題的答案分別為D、C、B。
考點4 考查對行文邏輯的推斷
完形填空題的文章體裁多樣,結構嚴謹,語言邏輯性強。解題時,我們首先應快讀原文,抓住文章大意,然后分析段落之間的邏輯關系和句子之間的邏輯關系,再依據行文邏輯,進行合理的推斷。
真題鏈接
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 becausepeople are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we 38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 39 anobject than to spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing (制造業)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.
36. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem
37. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products
38. A. face B. become C. observe D. change
39. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw
40. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of
備考點睛
本文是一篇議論文。文章第一段指出垃圾帶來越來越多的問題,第二段分析了地球上垃圾與日俱增的原因。我們厘清了作者的寫作思路,明確了行文邏輯,再來解題,答案就會一目了然。
在現代社會,當一件東西用壞了,我們就會把它扔掉,再買一個新的。問題(prob?lem)是世界各國的垃圾(rubbish)都堆積如山,因為現在人們扔掉的垃圾比以往任何時候都多。故第36題選D,第37題選B。我們的社會是如何變成(become)一個充斥著垃圾的社會的?故第38題選B。首先,現在更換(replace)一個物品比花時間和金錢去修理它更容易,故第39題選C。多虧了(Thanks to)當代的制造業和技術,公司能夠更快地生產產品,成本也降低很多,故第40題選A。
考點5 考查思辨能力
議論文是完形填空常用的文體之一。議論文具體的結構模式有以下三種:
模式一:引言段(提出個人觀點)—主體段(論證部分)—結論段。
模式二:引言段(提出反方觀點)—主體段(反駁反方觀點)—結論段。
模式三:引言段(提出個人觀點)—主體段(正方觀點、反方觀點)—結論段。
在做議論文類的完形填空題時,我們首先要快速找到作者的主要論點,進而抓住全文的主旨大意。其次,我們要認真思考文章謀篇布局的手段,了解各個段落的功能,感受作者論證的過程。最后,我們要循著作者的思路重讀全文,推敲各空的答案。
真題鏈接
Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, in?creasingly transforming the world economy into one free?flowing global market. The ques?tion is: Is economic globalization 50 for all?
According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization hashelped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study thatshows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty?four de?veloping countries as a result of integration ( 融合) of local economies into the worldeconomy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty?four countries have seen in?comes 53 at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developedcountries.
Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries willbenefit from new opportunities for small and home?based businesses. 55 , smallfarmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open?airmarkets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.?sponsored World Com?mission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing coun?tries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, theuneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , theymaintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, In?dian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of 61 .When large?scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores likeWal?Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowdedout.
One thing is certain about globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technologycombined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.
50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy
51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population
52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing
53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase
備考點睛
本文的話題是經濟全球化的利弊問題,故第50題的答案為C。根據第二段可知,經濟全球化的好處是可以幫助減少貧困(poverty),故第51題的答案為B。一項研究表明,財富增加有助于(contributing)改善教育,故第52題的答案為A。第二段陳述了經濟全球化的好處,故第53題的答案為D。在弄懂大意、厘清思路的基礎上,我們再結合語境認真思考,縝密推理,就能順利解答剩下的問題。
四翼考法預判
創新路徑1 命題情境的創新
情境是實現考查內容和考查要求的載體,英語學科的考查情境主要通過主題語境來構建和體現。《普通高中英語課程標準》提出三大主題語境,包括人與自我、人與社會和人與自然,其下又包含若干個主題群,同時列出主題語境的內容要求。英語學科命題以此為依據,選取篇章材料,設計任務情境,搭建貼近生活實際和教學內容的考查載體。近年的高考命題情境涉及學生的生活實踐與學習探索情境,包括住院治療、子女教育、名勝游覽、助人為樂等,由此,我們可以預測,完形填空題的命題情境將會更加豐富,例如:個人體驗情境、學科認知情境和社會生活情境,尤其是包括家庭生活、學校生活等的社會生活情境。
創新路徑2 主題語境和語篇的創新
主題語境、語篇類型、語言知識、文化知識、語言技能和學習策略是構成英語課程的六個要素。主題語境涵蓋人與自我、人與社會和人與自然,涉及人文社會科學和自然科學等領域的內容,為學科育人提供話題和語境。語篇類型包括記敘文、說明文和議論文,為語言學習提供文體素材。
為了更好地落實“立德樹人”的根本任務,培養學生正確的人生觀和價值觀,完形填空題的命題必將繼續采用更多的傳遞正能量的素材,語篇的話題更加多元化,內容更加豐富。父母做出的好榜樣、身邊的平民英雄、最崇拜的偶像和個人的成長經歷等例子,都能體現對學生的思想的教育,我們應高度關注這方面的素材。
創新路徑3 試題體裁的創新
雖然近兩年新高考的完形填空題都是記敘文,講述某個人的勵志故事,對學生的人生觀和價值觀進行引領,但全國卷的高考完形填空題曾選用過說明文,上海市的高考完形填空題曾選用過議論文。2018~2021全國卷的完形填空題素材分析表如下:
由上表可知,全國卷的完形填空題大多以記敘文作為命題素材,但是也不止一次用過說明文類的文章。為了更好地考查學生的思辨能力,把議論文作為考查素材也存在較大的可能。因此,我們也應練習一些說明文和議論文體裁的完形填空題。
一核考題預演
見P58~P69《學習妙測》欄目《2023年高考熱點命題1:完形填空》對應內容。