主題2：語法填空考點預測與考法預判

昝亞娟

四層考點預測

考點1 謂語動詞

如果設空處在句中作謂語，所給動詞應考慮采用某種時態或語態形式。

一、主語是動作的承受者，應根據具體情境采用某種形式的被動語態

1. Travelling to conferences， lectures， workshops， and the like—frequently by plane—（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.

2. Marys niece wrote，“The little home （paint） white.”

3. A BMI of between 19 and 25 （consider） healthy.

4. The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history.It （build） originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now beencompletely restored.

5. The artist was sure he would （choose）.

6. And， as more children were born， more food （need）.

7. On the last day of our week?long stay， we （invite） to attend a private concert ona beautiful farm.

二、當句中含有副詞already、yet、lately、recently 和短語since then、ever since、so far、in recent years、over/during/in the last few days/weeks/months/years/decades/centuries，以及for+時間段、since+過去某時刻、since+從句時，謂語動詞一般應用某種形式的完成時

8. Many of the climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the ef?fort started two years ago.

9. It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac， but Lincolnshome in downtown Springfield， Illinois， （prove） irresistible to visitors since itopened to the public.

10. In recent years， some Inuit people in Nunavut （report） increases in bearsightings around human settlements.

11. Irene said，“I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing myfamily and all the friends I （make） over the years.”

三、當句中含有表示過去的意義的副詞或時間狀語，如then、just now、yester?day、the day before yesterday、the other day、...ago、last week/month/term/summer/winter/year/century 等時，謂語動詞一般應用一般過去時

12. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You cant help wondering how hard it（be） for the people then to put all those rocks into place.

13. The unmanned Change?4 probe （探測器）—the name was inspired by an ancient Chi?nese moon goddess— （touch） down last week in the South Pole?Aitken basin.

14. The 80， 000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane， for example， （form） thecore collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.

四、當文章通篇用一般過去時，或上下文為一般過去時時，謂語動詞一般應用一般過去時

15. One of the biggest companies I wrote to （be） Alaska Airlines Paris.

16. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary（傳奇的） artist， they smiled and （point） down the river.

17. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861， they rented the house and（sell） most of their furniture.

18. New methods （mean） that fewer people worked in farming.

19. The study found that between 1985 and 2017， average rural BMI increased by 2.1 inwomen and men. In cities， however， the gain （be） 1.3 in women and 1.6 inmen.

20. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award， proud Irene （declare） shehad no plans to retire from her 36?year?old business.

21. One study in America found that students grades （improve） a little after theschool introduced uniforms.

五、當文章通篇用一般現在時，或上下文為一般現在時時，謂語動詞通常應用一般現在時

22. Because the number of possible topics （be） practically limitless， we focus ona sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basicprinciples of technology.

23.“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters， a scientist at Brown University， says，“be?cause it （mean） we have the chance to obtain information about how themoon is constructed.

24. This is why decorating with plants， fruits and flowers （carry） special signifi?cance.

25. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining; six（be） stable; one is increasing， and nine lack enough data.

【答案】1. is viewed/has been viewed 2. was painted 3. is considered 4. was built5. be chosen 6. was needed 7. were invited 8. have promised 9. has proved/hasproven 10. have reported 11. have made 12. was 13. touched 14. formed15. was 16. pointed 17. sold 18. meant 19. was 20. declared 21. improved22. is 23. means 24. carries 25. are

考點2 非謂語動詞

如果所給詞是動詞，且句中已有謂語動詞，可判斷設空處為非謂語動詞，應考慮填入動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞或動詞不定式等形式。

一、填動名詞時，可分為三種情況：

●設空處在某些及物動詞或短語，如appreciate、enjoy、finish、consider、imagine、bedevoted to、dream of、get down to、insist on、keep （on）、set about之后，應用動名詞作賓語。

26. She just kept （say）“I cant believe youre here！”and thanking them for com?ing to see her.

●句中出現動名詞的復合結構one/ones doing sth。

27. Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking atexhibits， visitors can play with computer simulations （模擬） and imagine themselvesliving at a different time in history or （walk） through a rainforest.

28. They represent the earth （come） back to life and best wishes for new begin?nings.

●設空處在介詞之后，應把動詞變為動名詞。

29. Minimize the impact of （visit） the place.

30. After （spend） some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action.

31. A 90?year?old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for （be） Britainsoldest full?time employee—still working 40 hours a week.

二、填現在分詞：表示一個主動的、正在進行的動作，在句中作定語、表語、賓語、狀語或補足語，應用現在分詞形式

32. This may be due to some disadvantages for people （live） in the countryside.

33. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage， （think） it isfood.

34. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds （sur?round） the mountain tops， he was reduced to tears.

35. Later， they learned to work with the seasons， planting at the right time and， in dry ar?eas， （make） use of annual floods to irrigate （灌溉） their fields.

36. When we got a call （say） she was short?listed， we thought it was a joke.

37. On the last day of our week?long stay， we were invited to attend a private concert on abeautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， （listen） to musicians andmeeting interesting locals.

三、填過去分詞：表示一個已經完成的、被動的動作，在句中作定語、表語、賓語、狀語或補足語，應用過去分詞

38. In 1985， urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries——（study） had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.

39. Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact （影響） travel to undisturbed places. Itis different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become（educate） about the areas.

40. They make great gifts and you see them many times （decorate） with red enve?lopes and messages of good fortune.

四、填動詞不定式，有六種情況：

●在動詞aim、agree、decide、expect、plan、refuse、want 之后通常用動詞不定式作賓語。

41. Accommodations aim （have） a low impact on the natural environment.

42. Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending （do） things thatare impossible.

43. That approach brought Cobbs air travel last year down by 75%， and she plans（continue） the practice.

44. But some students didnt want （wear） the uniform.

●在短語make an effort、make a plan、make up ones mind、set out、take action、takemeasures后常用動詞不定式。

45. The next morning he hired a boat and set out （find） the well?known painter.

●如果句子的主謂賓齊全，常用動詞不定式作目的狀語。

46. I decided to do something （educate） people on this problem.

47. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change?4 （find）and study areas of the South Pole?Aitken basin.

●在名詞ability、chance、desire、opportunity、plan、power、patience、promise、right、way后常用動詞不定式。

48. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology（change） lives.

49. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award， proud Irene declared she had no plans（retire） from her 36?year?old business.

●在“It is/was/can be+形容詞+（for sb） to do sth”句式中使用動詞不定式。

50. It can be easy （let） a particular school become a front?runner early on.

51. It is possible （walk） or bike the entire 14 kilometers.

52. These days， it is not unusual for 10? to 12?year?olds to publish their own websites or forsecond and third graders （begin） computer classes.

●在“主系表+動詞不定式”結構中使用動詞不定式。

53. They are easy （care） for and make great presents.

54. Modern methods for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since themid?1980s， and are expensive （perform） consistently over a large area.

【答案】26. saying 27. walking 28. coming 29. visiting 30. spending 31. being32. living 33. thinking 34. surrounding 35. making 36. saying 37. listening38. studied 39. educated 40. decorated 41. to have 42. to do 43. to continue44. to wear 45. to find 46. to educate 47. to find 48. to change 49. to retire50. to let 51. to walk 52. to begin 53. to care 54. to perform

考點3 動詞變形容詞

形容詞在句中作表語、定語、賓語補足語或狀語。

55. But thats how nature is—always leaving us （astonish）.

56. Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and（satisfy）， so keep that at the front of your mind.

57. I was so （excite） when he wrote back to me.

【答案】55. astonished 56. satisfied 57. excited

考點4 動詞變名詞

設空處前有冠詞、形容詞或名詞修飾時，應把動詞轉換為名詞。

58. When the answer was no， she declined the （invite）.

59. A company （represent） wrote back and told me the airline was switching.

60. Also， technological know?how has become a （require） for most jobs in an in?creasingly digital world.

61. Chinese New Year is a （celebrate） marking the end of the winter season andthe beginning of spring.

62. In recent years， some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightingsaround human settlements， leading to a （believe） that populations are in?creasing.

63. Other American studies showed no （connect） between uniforms and schoolperformance.

【答案】58. invitation 59. representative 60. requirement 61. celebration62. belief 63. connection

考點5 名詞的變化

一、名詞前有形容詞some、other、many、most 或一個表示復數概念的數詞修飾時，應用復數形式

64. The computer has become a common tool in most （profession）.

二、句中有表示復數意義的代詞we、you、they，且名詞作它們的同位語時，此處名詞應用復數形式

65. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we（human） are.

三、句中的謂語動詞為復數形式時，作主語的名詞應用復數形式

66. （activity） there range from whale watching to hiking.

四、名詞變其所有格

名詞在句中作定語，且表示所屬關系時，應用所有格。

67. It is calculated by dividing a （person） weight in kg by their height in meterssquared.

68. A （student） college experience is his or her own， and the student must puthis or her education first.

五、名詞變形容詞：形容詞常作定語修飾名詞，將位于被修飾名詞之前的名詞轉換為形容詞

69. Provide （finance） aid and other benefits for local peoples.

70. At the same time， computer games are becoming increasingly popular as majorpublishing houses continue to develop （education） computer programs forchildren in preschool.

71. Many people have the hobby of collecting things， e.g. stamps， postcards or antiques. Inthe 18th and 19th centuries， （wealth） people travelled and collected plants，historical objects and works of art.

72. Branches of Plum Blossoms （梅花）： The （beauty） long branches covered withpink?colored buds （蓓蕾） make fantastic decorations.

73. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its（wonder）.

【答案】64. professions 65. humans 66. Activities 67. persons 68. students69. financial 70. educational 71. wealthy 72. beautiful 73. wonderful

考點6 形容詞的變形

一、形容詞變名詞：將位于形容詞后的形容詞變為名詞

74. At the Jorvik Centre in York， the citys Viking settlement is recreated， and people expe?rience the sights， sounds and smells of the old town. Historical （accurate） isimportant but so is entertainment.

75. The far side of the moon is of particular （interesting） to scientists because ithas a lot of deep craters （環形山）.

76. Filled with （curious）， the artist packed his bags and left.

二、形容詞變副詞：設空的形容詞在動詞、形容詞、副詞之前或賓語之后，應把形容詞變為副詞，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或句子

77. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci， for example， （rough） 200 academ?ics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible sincethe effort started two years ago.

78. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. Itwill （undoubted） help you get refreshed！

79. But 30 years later， the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many coun?tries had narrowed （sharp）.

80. Landing on the moons far side is （extreme） challenging.

81. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range hasbeen （poor） studied.

三、使用形容詞的比較級：表示兩個事物的比較，且句中含有連詞than 或句中出現了形容詞的比較級，應用形容詞的比較級

82. This may be due to some disadvantages， including （low） levels of income andeducation， higher costs of healthy foods， and fewer sports facilities.

83. When the house was built， it was much （small） than it is today.

84. We decided it was time for some action and what （good） than to ride on apiece of history！

85. Hungry bears may be congregating （聚集） around human settlements， leading to the il?lusion（錯覺） that populations are （high） than they actually are.

四、形容詞的最高級：當把三個或三個以上的人或事物進行比較時，應用形容詞的最高級，表示“最……的”

86. The artists reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his por?trait （ 畫像） done， so he called all great artists to come and present their（fine） work， so that he could choose the best.

【答案】74. accuracy 75. interest 76. curiosity 77. roughly 78. undoubtedly79. sharply 80. extremely 81. poorly 82. lower 83. smaller 84. better85. higher 86. finest

考點7 代詞的不同形式的變化

一、人稱代詞變物主代詞

87. As the song goes， this long and winding road“will never disappear”， and it will alwaysstick in the visitors memory. It sure does in （I）.

88. Ecotourism has （it） origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.

89. Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of（we） Further Resources section featured in each volume.

二、人稱代詞的主格變為賓格

90.“She was so excited to watch （we） get married，”the bride said.

三、人稱代詞變反身代詞

91. She was extremely pretty， and her house was a reflection of （she）， everythingin good taste and in perfect order.

92. As well as looking at exhibits， visitors can play with computer simulations （模擬） andimagine （they） living at a different time in history.

【答案】87. mine 88. its 89. our 90. us 91. herself 92. themselves

考點8 名詞性從句

一、賓語從句

93. Data about the moons composition， such as how ice it contains， could helpChina decide whether its plans for a future lunar base are practical.

94. Over thousands of years， they began to depend less on could be hunted orgathered from the wild， and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.

95. Cobb， for her part， started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speakshe could do so remotely.

二、主語從句

96. Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song“The Long andWinding Road”. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out?of?this?world scenes.

【答案】93. much 94. what 95. whether/if 96. What

考點9 定語從句

一、當先行詞為表示事物的名詞或代詞，且在從句中作主語、表語或賓語時，用關系代詞that/which

97. I decided that if I learned of a company used a lot of plastic， Id send it anemail urging it to cut back.

98. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication ofwhether someone is a healthy weight.

99. The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane， for example， formed the core collec?tion of the British Museum opened in 1759.

100. The Digital World is a set of volumes aim to describe how digital systemsinfluence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and theirmany interacting parts.

101. On the edge of the jacket， there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.

二、當先行詞為表示人的名詞或代詞，且在從句中作主語、表語或賓語時，選用關系代詞that/who

102. Kim Cobb， a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta， is one of asmall but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travelbecause of climate change.

103. They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caringfor these animals.

三、當先行詞為表示人或物品的名詞，且在從句中作定語時，用關系代詞whose

104. In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.

四、當先行詞為表示地點的名詞，且在從句中作地點狀語時，用關系副詞where

105. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe， China firsthad to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signalsto the spacecraft and to Earth.

五、當主句與從句被逗號隔開，從句缺少主語，且先行詞指代前句的內容時，應填關系代詞which

106. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，she opened with her late husband Les.

【答案】97. that/which 98. that/which 99. that/which 100. that/which101. that/which 102. that/who 103. that/who 104. whose 105. where 106. which

考點10 連詞

對連詞的考查包括簡單句中的連詞、并列句中的連詞、并列復合句中的連詞，以及狀語從句中的連詞。

107. Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material， explains the basic conceptsof major applications of digital systems， discusses the influences they haveon everyday life.

108. I found the contact information of the company emailed its president.

109. We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shakydid the job.

110. In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index （體重指數） across 200 countries，the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier that most ofthe rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.

111. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept the late 1980s. During thattime， increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.

112. The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot ofdeep craters （環形山）， more so the familiar near side.

113. Farming produced more food per person hunting and gathering， so peoplewere able to raise more children.

114. He got a saw from the truck cut a section out of a big log on the side of theroad.

115. They kept their collection at home until it got too big until they died， andthen it was given to a museum.

【答案】107. and 108. and 109. but 110. and 111. until 112. than113. than 114. and 115. or

考點11 介詞

一、在名詞answer、entrance、key、reply、reaction、response、solution 和visit 之后常接介詞to

116. But can uniforms help improve school standards？ The answer this questionis not clear.

117. The couple made a surprise visit the hospital before heading to the recep?tion.

二、結合具體語境選擇介詞

118. Some time after 10， 000 BC， people made the first real attempt to control the worldthey lived ， through agriculture.

【答案】116. to 117. to 118. in

考點12 冠詞

一、表示泛指的“一個”時，用不定冠詞a 或an

119. When we got a call saying she was short?listed， we thought it was joke. Butthen we got an official letter and we were blown away.

二、表示特指時，應用定冠詞the

120. Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining.

121. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then， with rise of science，changes began.

【答案】119. a 120. the 121. the

考點13 特殊結構

122. The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets， the（hot） thespring！

123. I work not because I have to， because I want to.

【答案】122. hotter 123. but

四翼考法預判

創新路徑1 “五育并舉”，融入體育、藝術、音樂等元素

Figure skating 1. （come） a long way since its beginning. Back in the 18thcentury in the UK， the sport was popular among the people in the highest social class.2. （gradual）， more skating enthusiasts from Germany， the United States andCanada 3. （follow） suit. In the 1860s， Jackson Haines， 4. US balletdancer and skater， used more artistic moves to make the sport less formal， earning him thetitle of“the father of modern figure skating”

Skaters wearing eye?catching trousers， tights or skirts perform 5. （vary）movements. Skaters can compete 6. individuals， pairs or groups. Skaters need tocomplete two components： short program and free skate.

Figure skating requires the athletes to focus on both technical and performance7. （aspect） of skating.“Good skaters need to be able to look effortless when theygive their performances. Without 8. （strong）， courage and years of practice， its re?ally hard 9. （achieve） that goal and make an emotional connection with audi?ence，”said Olympic gold medalist Scott Hamilton.“And thats 10. I liked aboutit.”

【答案】1. has come 2. Gradually 3. followed 4. a 5. various 6. as 7. aspects8. strength 9. to achieve 10. what

創新路徑2 融入中國元素

The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional Chinese festivals inChina. It usually 1. （fall） on the first day of the first month in the lunar calendar，2. represents the beginning of a new year.

It is a custom for the Chinese to make 3. （care） preparations a week beforethe lunar New Year 4. （come）. We usually clean our houses and 5.（decoration） them with red couplets and pictures to express our best 6. （wish） forthe coming year.

On New Years Eve we have the habit of staying up late 7. （welcome） thenew year. On the first day， we visit our relatives or go to the temple. Dragon and lion dancesare performed in the street. Adults will give children 8. （luck） money in red enve?lopes， 9. （hope） they will have good luck in the new year.

I like the Spring Festival very much 10. it is a good time for people to spendquality time with their family and relax.

【答案】1. falls 2. which 3. careful 4. comes 5. decorate 6. wishes7. to welcome 8. lucky 9. hoping 10. because

一核考題預演

見P70～P76《學習妙測》欄目《2023年高考熱點命題2：語法填空》對應內容。