電廠藝術中心

電廠藝術中心是一個非營利制造空間，位于布魯克林的戈瓦納斯和紅鉤區，旨在為藝術生產創造堅實的平臺，并在藝術領域創造就業機會。該重建項目包括16270平方米的工作坊空間，用于木材、金屬、陶瓷、紡織品和印刷品的制造，將現有廢棄且受到污染的工業結構轉變為藝術家、制造商和其他技術工人的生產制造中心，并確保該工業遺產的基址能在下個世紀繼續蓬勃發展。項目將一座擁有115年歷史的發電廠重新構想為一處現代化的生產設施，以維持布魯克林工業區歷史悠久的制造業務。通過對原發電站基本元素的保護、恢復和重建，項目強化了該建筑的工業特征及其與周圍城市環境的關系。

項目所在的社區融合了棚屋、倉庫和混合用途的商業建筑，正處于迅速的高檔化時期。現有建筑從戈瓦納斯運河邊緣向西后退，北接第一街，南接第二街，東接第三大道沿線的一座大型倉庫。渦輪機大廳的規模及其所處的相對較高的地面位置使其在附近具有顯眼的視覺效果。

場地的工業景觀和歷史文脈在設計方案中起到了舉足輕重的作用。方案恢復了鍋爐房的原有體量并重新建立了其與現有渦輪機大廳的關系，以重新詮釋鍋爐房的悠久歷史。建筑師還保留了渦輪機大廳，對其進行了穩定和戰略性的修復，使其歷史層次能被整合到這一全新的制造設施中。

修復后的鍋爐房以現有的歷史地基為基礎，最大限度地減少了場地的進一步挖掘。鍋爐房的混凝土立面與渦輪機大廳現有的磚石外殼相呼應，并為加建部分提供了一個簡單耐用的圍護結構。內部的裸露結構由混凝土柱和板組成，為車間工作坊的使用提供了靈活空間。渦輪機大廳歷史悠久的穿孔開口被納入鍋爐房的圍護結構，兩座建筑的開口也都裝滿了新窗戶。

對于一個工業項目來說，不同尋常的是各個制造車間垂直堆疊的空間形式。對凈高和裝載區進入方便性要求最高的制造類別，即金屬和木材車間，就位于底層；而像印刷品、紡織品和陶瓷這類對空間排氣有著嚴格要求的工種則被設置在鍋爐房的頂層。

項目還堅持工業衛生的最佳實踐（過程中咨詢了多位專家以完善方案），尤其是在大量空氣從建筑物中排出的情況下，確保制造過程中的污染物不會對內部工作環境產生不利影響。為此，工作坊車間共享了一個公共的大型垂直服務墻，包含樓梯、電梯以及洗手間管道堆棧在內的垂直流線和循環要素。通過對現有建筑和新建筑間垂直元素的整合，方案為兩座建筑提供了額外的橫向結構穩定性，并在鍋爐房樓板的空余部分創造了設計規劃所需的靈活性。屋頂的兩個大艙壁體塊強調了項目中機械、電氣、管道和消防系統的首要地位，并讓人聯想到原鍋爐房建筑的歷史標志性煙囪；它們還表明了該設施的韌性：考慮到未來可能發生的洪水和海平面上升現象，建筑物的底部沒有安裝任何設備。

在項目以西的戈瓦納斯運河沿岸，前院部分提供了靈活的戶外工作和儲物空間，以及用于運送材料的裝載空間。在項目的東邊，靠近公共交通站點的入口處，渦輪機大廳磚石圍護結構中的一個新開口成為了主要的公共入口。進入大樓后，參觀者將同時面對多種并列的歷史細節，包括混凝土拱頂、磚墻、釉面瓷磚以及殘留的涂鴉和全新建筑元素。

一堵巨大的混凝土剪力墻在入口大廳外形成了一個垂直空間——一個金屬樓梯將來訪者的注意力向上吸引，直至大廳——這也正是大樓內的主要公共區域。渦輪大廳建筑的整個上層保留了歷史建筑的原始空間構成，露出了翻新后的鋼桁架，并為展覽和活動提供了多功能空間。鍋爐房中相鄰的雙高空間作為建筑物公共和工作坊車間的功能交匯處，為展覽、活動、舞臺和集會提供了額外空間。

Powerhouse Arts is a not-for-profit manufacturing facility based in Gowanus and Red Hook， Brooklyn， New York， established to create a robust platform for art production and employment in the arts. Consisting of 170 000 square feet of workshop space for fabrication in wood， metal， ceramics， textile and print， the redevelopment project transforms an existing， derelict structure on a contaminated site into a center for artists， fabricators and other workers and ensures that the industrial legacy of the site will extend into the next century.

A mix of storage sheds， warehouses， and mixed-use， commercial buildings， the neighborhood is rapidly gentrifying. The existing building is set back from the edge of the Gowanus Canal to the west and bound at the north by the future First Street Basin， at the south by Second Street， and at the east by a large storage building along Third Avenue. The scale of the Turbine Hall and its location atop relatively high ground give it a visual prominence in the neighborhood.

The industrial landscape and history of the site play a pivotal role in the design proposal. It reinterprets the historic Boiler House by reinstating its mass and re-establishing its relationship with the existing Turbine Hall. The Turbine Hall is preserved – stabilized and strategically repaired – and its historic layers are integrated into the new manufacturing facility.

The reinstated Boiler House bears on the existing， historic foundations， minimizing further site excavations. Its concrete fa?ade responds to the existing masonry shell of the Turbine Hall and provides a durable and straightforward envelope for the addition. The exposed structure at the interior， comprising concrete columns and slabs， provides flexible spaces for workshops. The historic， punched openings of the Turbine Hall are incorporated into the Boiler House envelope， and the openings of both buildings are filled with new windows.

Atypically for an industrial project， the respective fabrication shops are stacked vertically， with the disciplines that require the most clear height and best access to the loading areas – that is， the metal and wood workshops – located on the ground floor， while the disciplines with the most stringent exhaust requirements – print， textile and ceramics – are located at the top floors of the Boiler House. Adhering to the best practices of industrial hygiene （refined through consultation with several specialists）， a large amount of air is exhausted from the building to ensure contaminates from the manufacturing processes do not adversely affect the interior work environment. To that end， the workshops share a common， large vertical service wall that also contains the vertical circulation elements， stairs and elevators， as well as the restroom plumbing stack. The consolidation of these vertical elements between the existing and the new building provides additional lateral， structural stability for both buildings and creates the flexibility required for workshop programming within the remainder of the Boiler House floor slab. Two large bulkhead volumes at the roof express the primacy of the mechanical， electrical， plumbing， and fire protection systems in the project and recall the historic smokestacks of the original Boiler House building. They also illustrate the resiliency of the facility， as no equipment has been installed at the base of the building given the potential for flooding and sea level rise in the future.

To the west of the project along the Gowanus Canal， a forecourt provides flexible outdoor work and storage space as well as loading for material deliveries. To the east of the project， closer to the approach to the site from public transit， a new opening into the masonry envelope of the Turbine Hall serves as the primary public entrance. Upon entering the building， the visitor is confronted with the juxtaposition of historic details – concrete vaults， brick chases， and glazed tilework – residual graffiti and the new architectural elements. A large， concrete shear wall forms a vertical space beyond the entrance lobby and a metal stair draws attention upward to the grand hall， the main public feature within the building. The entire upper level of the Turbine Hall building preserves the original spatial composition of the historic structure， exposing the refurbished， steel trusses overhead， and providing a multifunctional space for exhibitions and events. An adjacent， double-height volume in the Boiler House serves as the intersection of the public and workshop functions in the building， providing additional room for exhibitions， events， staging， and assembly.