觀點(diǎn)對立型議論文讀寫指南

河北 劉如玲

?文體導(dǎo)讀

觀點(diǎn)對立型議論文，也稱為辯論型文章，是一種旨在通過對不同觀點(diǎn)的比較和對立，闡述作者對特定問題或話題的立場的文體。這種文章通常以引出具有爭議性的話題或問題作為開端，提出至少兩種對立的觀點(diǎn)，并對每種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析和評估。這種類型的議論文要求作者具備扎實的邏輯思維和分析能力，能夠全面理解和評估不同觀點(diǎn)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，同時還要有清晰的表達(dá)和組織思路的能力。通過逐一討論不同觀點(diǎn)并提出自己的想法，作者能夠促使讀者對問題進(jìn)行全面思考，并最終形成自己的判斷。

策略導(dǎo)航

1.細(xì)讀和理解題目：在閱讀一篇觀點(diǎn)對立型議論文前，要先認(rèn)真閱讀題目和要求，確保對題目理解清晰。明確題目是要求表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)還是要求討論各個觀點(diǎn)的利弊，以便在閱讀和寫作過程中針對性地尋找信息和展開論述。

2.尋找主題句和關(guān)鍵詞：找出每個觀點(diǎn)的主題句和關(guān)鍵詞，以理解每個觀點(diǎn)的核心論點(diǎn)。特別是在寫作時，使用主題句和關(guān)鍵詞可以確保每段的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)清晰和緊湊。

3.使用合適的過渡詞：使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞和短語，如however、on the other hand、by contrast等，來引導(dǎo)讀者理解不同觀點(diǎn)之間的對比或?qū)α㈥P(guān)系。這有助于提高文章的邏輯性和連貫性。

4.平衡論述和客觀分析：保持平衡和客觀是提高觀點(diǎn)對立型議論文質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵。確保每個觀點(diǎn)都得到一定程度的論證，盡量避免自身立場帶來的偏頗。在寫作時，切勿陷入個人情緒或使用言辭激烈的表達(dá)。

5.重點(diǎn)練習(xí)批駁和反駁觀點(diǎn)：觀點(diǎn)對立型議論文中，批駁和反駁對立觀點(diǎn)是重要的一環(huán)。在寫作過程中，應(yīng)盡量找出對立觀點(diǎn)的漏洞、不足之處或邏輯矛盾，并以客觀而有說服力的方式進(jìn)行反駁。

6.分析優(yōu)秀范文：選擇一些優(yōu)秀的觀點(diǎn)對立型議論文范文，分析其中的行文結(jié)構(gòu)、論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)以及寫作手法。學(xué)習(xí)優(yōu)秀范文中的語言運(yùn)用和邏輯推理等技巧，可以為自己的寫作提供參考和帶來靈感。

素材導(dǎo)背

1.引出話題

The issue/topic of...is of great significance/importance.關(guān)于……的問題/話題十分重要。

Nowadays, it has become increasingly common to talk about...如今，人們越來越普遍地談?wù)摗?/p>

In contemporary society, more and more people are concerned about...在當(dāng)今社會，越來越多的人關(guān)心……

With the development of..., the issue of...has become more and more significant.隨著……的發(fā)展，……問題已經(jīng)變得越來越重要。

Recently, there has been a growing concern among people about the issue of...近來，有越來越多的人關(guān)注……問題。

2.贊成觀點(diǎn)

It is indisputable that...……是毋庸置疑的。

Everyone can agree that...每個人可能都同意……

There is no doubt that...毫無疑問……

Undoubtedly,...毫無疑問，……

It is universally acknowledged that...人們普遍認(rèn)為……

3.反駁觀點(diǎn)

It is true that..., but it is only half the truth.的確……，但這只是事實的一部分。

Some people argue that..., but they overlook/refuse to admit...有些人認(rèn)為……，但他們忽略了/拒絕承認(rèn)……

One common argument against...is that..., but this argument fails to recognize that...對于……一個常見的反對論點(diǎn)是……，但這一論點(diǎn)未能認(rèn)識到……

Although it may seem that..., upon closer examination, it becomes clear that...盡管看起來……，但經(jīng)仔細(xì)審查，就能明白……

Many critics claim that...However, a closer scrutiny reveals that...很多批評家聲稱……，但更仔細(xì)的審視發(fā)現(xiàn)……

4.表達(dá)對另一種觀點(diǎn)的認(rèn)同

I agree with...and believe that...我同意……，且相信……

While I grant that..., I nevertheless believe that...雖然我承認(rèn)……，但我依然相信……

Although I grant that..., I cannot agree with...盡管我承認(rèn)……，但我無法同意……

While it may be true that..., the evidence suggests that...雖然……可能是對的，但證據(jù)表明……

It is true that...and deserves recognition, but...確實……值得肯定，但……

5.表示選擇

The advantages or disadvantages of...should be carefully considered before making a decision.在做出決定之前，需要仔細(xì)評估……的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

It is difficult to decide whether...or..., but after careful consideration, I choose...很難決定是……還是……，但經(jīng)過仔細(xì)考慮后，我選擇……

When weighing the advantages and disadvantages of..., we must consider...在權(quán)衡……的利弊時，我們必須考慮……

6.發(fā)表作者觀點(diǎn)

In my opinion/view,...在我看來，……

From my standpoint/perspective,...從我的角度來看，……

I am convinced that...我堅信……

My firm belief is that...我堅信……

I completely/strongly oppose/support...我完全/強(qiáng)烈反對/支持……

7.總結(jié)全文

to sum up/in conclusion 總之/最后

all in all 總的來說

in summary/overall 總的來說

to conclude 總之

ultimately/in the end 最終

consequently 因此

in brief 簡而言之

in short 簡言之

8.其他表達(dá)及高頻銜接詞

One striking example is...一個顯著的例子是……

On the one hand,...On the other hand,...一方面，……；另一方面，……

conversely 相反地

in spite of 盡管

furthermore 此外；而且

additionally 此外；還

not only that 不止如此

Another reason is...另一個原因是……

It is also worth noting that...同樣值得注意的是……

One notable advantage is...一個顯著的優(yōu)勢是……

Another advantage is...另一個優(yōu)勢是……

that is to say 也就是說

in other words 換句話說

to put it simply 簡單來說

undoubtedly 無疑

likewise 同樣

in comparison 相比之下

compared to 與……相比

on the contrary 相反地

as a matter of fact 事實上

needless to say 不用說

admittedly 不可否認(rèn)地

after all 畢竟

案例導(dǎo)練

Celebrating academic achievement: Cultural celebrations or harmful distinction?

慶祝學(xué)業(yè)成就：文化慶祝還是有害區(qū)分？

In various regions across the country, different celebrations take place after the annual college entrance examination to acknowledge those who have been admitted to key universities.This practice stirs both support and opposition, with conflicting views on its implications.

Proponents argue that these celebrations not only honor academic achievement but also promote a culture that encourages hard work and dedication.By publicly acknowledging the achievers, it inspires other students to strive for success and highlights the importance of education.

Supporters also claim that these parades create a sense of pride and unity within communities.People come together to celebrate the accomplishments of the achievers, fostering a shared joy and a collective belief in the value of education.

However, critics argue that such grand celebrations place excessive pressure on the achievers.The attention and expectations may burden these students, making it difficult for them to maintain a healthy balance in their lives.The excessive focus on academic success may lead to stress, anxiety, and other mental health issues.

Furthermore, these celebrations can constantly stress a narrow definition of success,ignoring the numerous talents and skills students possess beyond academic study.This can create a sense of competition and exclusion among students, where only those with exceptional exam performance are valued, thereby neglecting the importance of overall development.

While celebrating academic achievement is important, it is crucial to strike a balance.Rather than excessively glorifying the achievers, we should recognize and appreciate the diverse talents and interests of all students.Frequent emphasis on academic success may ruin the importance of personal growth, well-being, and alternative paths to success.

Ultimately, it is essential that we foster a supportive and inclusive educational environment that values individual achievements, encourages overall development, and appreciates the unique talents of all students.

一、閱讀自測

Inference1.How does the author start this article?

A.By telling a story.

B.By explaining a scene.

C.By giving several examples.

D.By describing some phenomena.

Vocabulary2.Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word“ Proponents” in paragraph 2?

A.Critics.

B.Experts.

C.Supporters.

D.Employees.

Detail3.What is the potential negative effect of grand celebrations for the achievers?

A.Negative criticism.

B.Excessive pressure.

C.Physical health issues.

D.Sustainable competition.

Gist4.What do paragraph 5 and paragraph 6 mainly talk about?

A.The importance of overall development for a student.

B.Some better ways to celebrate academic achievement.

C.The negative impacts of celebrating academic achievement.

D.Some of the author's opinions about the true meaning of success.

二、語言汲取

（一）關(guān)于慶祝學(xué)業(yè)的表達(dá)

1.支持慶祝學(xué)業(yè)

acknowledge the achievers 認(rèn)可成績優(yōu)異者

honor academic achievement 贊揚(yáng)學(xué)術(shù)成就

promote a culture that encourages hard work and dedication 推崇鼓勵努力和奉獻(xiàn)的文化

inspire other students to strive for success 激勵其他學(xué)生追求成功

highlight the importance of education 強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的重要性

foster a shared joy and a collective belief in the value of education 培養(yǎng)共同的快樂和對教育價值的集體信念

recognize and appreciate the diverse talents and interests of all students 承認(rèn)和欣賞所有學(xué)生的多種才能和興趣

foster a supportive and inclusive educational environment 培養(yǎng)支持和包容的教育環(huán)境

value individual achievements 重視個人成就

encourage overall development 鼓勵全面發(fā)展

appreciate the unique talents of all students 欣賞所有學(xué)生的獨(dú)特才能

2.反對慶祝學(xué)業(yè)

place excessive pressure on the achievers 給成績優(yōu)異者施加過大壓力

burden these students 給這些學(xué)生造成負(fù)擔(dān)

make it difficult to maintain a healthy balance in their lives 使他們難以在生活中保持健康的平衡

lead to stress, anxiety, and other mental health issues 導(dǎo)致壓力、焦慮和其他心理健康問題

constantly stress a narrow definition of success 持續(xù)地強(qiáng)調(diào)對成功的狹隘定義

ignore the numerous talents and skills students possess beyond academic study 忽視學(xué)生在學(xué)術(shù)之外所擁有的眾多才能與技能

create a sense of competition and exclusion among students 讓學(xué)生之間產(chǎn)生競爭和排斥的感覺

neglect the importance of overall development 忽視全面發(fā)展的重要性

（二）精彩表達(dá)

1.The attention and expectations may burden these students, making it difficult for them to maintain a healthy balance in their lives.這些關(guān)注和期望可能給這些學(xué)生帶來負(fù)擔(dān)，使他們難以在生活中保持健康的平衡。

本句中，making it difficult for them to maintain a healthy balance in their lives 為現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，使用了make it+adj.+for sb to do sth 的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“使得對某人來說做某事……”。

2.This can create a sense of competition and exclusion among students, where only those with exceptional exam performance are valued, thereby neglecting the importance of overall development.這可能會讓學(xué)生之間產(chǎn)生競爭和排斥的感覺，只有那些考試成績優(yōu)異的學(xué)生才會受到重視，從而忽視了全面發(fā)展的重要性。

本句中，where引導(dǎo)的是一個定語從句，先行詞為表示抽象化、模糊化地點(diǎn)的名詞sense；neglecting the importance of overall development 為現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。

3.Ultimately, it is essential that we foster a supportive and inclusive educational environment that values individual achievements, encourages overall development, and appreciates the unique talents of all students.最重要的是，我們需要營造一個支持和包容的教育環(huán)境，重視個體的成就，鼓勵全面發(fā)展，并欣賞所有學(xué)生的獨(dú)特才能。

本句中，it is essential that we...students使用的是“it be+adj.+that...”句型，該句型意為“……是……的”，在此句型中，it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的是一個主語從句。

三、句式仿寫

1.過度強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)業(yè)成就會導(dǎo)致一些不良影響，可能會導(dǎo)致忽視學(xué)生性格發(fā)展和整體成長的重要性。

Overemphasizing academic achievements can lead to several bad impacts,______________________________.

2.學(xué)校應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造一個鼓勵和重視慶祝學(xué)業(yè)成就的環(huán)境。

The school should create an environment _______________________________.

3.慶祝學(xué)業(yè)成就很重要，不僅是為了認(rèn)可個人的成就，也是為了培養(yǎng)卓越教育的文化。

_______________________________not only to recognize individual accomplishments but also to foster a culture of educational excellence.

四、寫作實踐

近期，Crazy English雜志社就“家長是否應(yīng)該慶祝學(xué)業(yè)成就”開展了征文活動，下表是你班就此話題討論的結(jié)果。請根據(jù)下表數(shù)據(jù)寫一篇參賽短文。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

1.主要觀點(diǎn)的介紹；

2.你的看法。

注意：

1.篇幅80詞左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3.至少需要使用兩個前文中解析過的句式。

評價導(dǎo)思

A self-assessment checklist for my task Information Structure Language Conclusion 1.我會在讀寫過程中搜集足夠的論據(jù)?！?Yes □ No 2.我的作文具有邏輯性和層次感。□ Yes □ No_____________3.我的作文重點(diǎn)突出，詳略_____________________________________________得當(dāng)?！鮛Yes_□_No 4.我的作文包括了引言、論證及個人觀點(diǎn)等必備環(huán)節(jié)?！?Yes □ No_____________5.我的作文層次清晰，能闡述不同的____________________________________觀點(diǎn)?！鮛Yes_□_No 6.我的作文使用了嚴(yán)密、精準(zhǔn)的語言?！?Yes □ No 7.我的作文使用了恰當(dāng)?shù)你暯釉~和邏輯關(guān)系詞?！?Yes □ No_____________8.我積累了寫作觀點(diǎn)對立型議論文的必備________________________________表達(dá)。□_Yes_□_No 9.為了閱讀和寫作更多類型的觀點(diǎn)對立型議論文，我需要_________。_______________□ 分析優(yōu)秀范文__□ 提升語言______________________________________□_加大練習(xí)_□_培養(yǎng)思維能力