Smart Exercise鍛煉使人聰明

Are you working for a big test？ If so， youmay study very hard. After studying for sometime， you may want to play some basketball，and then go on studying. Researchers1 havecollected2 information over the years， andthey have seen a connection3 between exerciseand brain4 development5.

Judy Cameron is a researcher atOregon Health and Science University. Shestudies brain development. According toher research6， exercise may make bloodvessels7 stronger， and they will work better.Those vessels in the brain will be stronger，too. Cameron says， it makes people con -centrate8 better. She says， “As we know，exercise is good for the heart. But exercisecan make real changes in the brain.”

你正在為一場(chǎng)大考做準(zhǔn)備嗎？如果是的話，你可能會(huì)非常努力地學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)一段時(shí)間后，你可能想打打籃球，然后再繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。研究人員收集了多年的數(shù)據(jù)信息，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了運(yùn)動(dòng)與大腦發(fā)育之間的聯(lián)系。

朱迪·卡梅倫是俄勒岡健康與科學(xué)大學(xué)的研究員。她研究大腦發(fā)育。根據(jù)她的研究，運(yùn)動(dòng)可以使血管更強(qiáng)健，從而更好地發(fā)揮作用。大腦中的血管也會(huì)更強(qiáng)健。卡梅倫說(shuō)，這使人們能更好地集中注意力。她說(shuō)：“眾所周知，運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)心臟有好處。但運(yùn)動(dòng)也能夠使大腦真正有所改變。”

How does exercise workon brain development？ It caneven be seen in babies. Ifbabies move9 a lot， they showgreater brain development. Ifbabies don’t do much exercise，they don’t show suchdevelopment. Exercise makesbabies’brains become smarter.With babies， even if they only movea little more， their brain can havebig changes.

Margaret Barnes is a doctor. Shebelieves exercise is very important forbabies. Some children have learningdisabilities10 in primary school or highschool. She thinks many of them have thesame reason. When those children werebabies， they didn’t have enough exercise.“Babies need movement， because it doesgood to their five senses11，”says Barnes.“They need to make a connection betweenbody and brain. It helps them rememberthings. In this way， when they grow up，children will begin to connect physicalactivity with higher learning.”

Exercise are not only good for babies’brains. Older people can make their brainssmarter by exercising， too. Researchers atCornell University studied a group of old"people. They are from seventy to seventynineyears old. According to their study，the old people exercise just three hours aweek， and they remember things better.The exercise doesn’t have to be verydifficult. But it does have to increase12the heart rate13. Also， just like theexercise for babies， exercise for olderpeople cannot be too simple. For the oldpeople， the brain may not be used for along time. Learning some new thingshelps the brain work better. Yoga andtai-chi are good examples.

運(yùn)動(dòng)是如何促進(jìn)大腦發(fā)育的呢？這甚至可以在嬰兒身上看到。如果嬰兒經(jīng)常活動(dòng)，他們的大腦發(fā)育會(huì)更好。如果嬰兒不怎么活動(dòng)，他們就不會(huì)發(fā)育得這樣好。運(yùn)動(dòng)使嬰兒的大腦更聰明。對(duì)于嬰兒來(lái)說(shuō)，即使他們只是多動(dòng)一點(diǎn)，他們的大腦也會(huì)有很大的變化。

瑪格麗特·巴恩斯是一名醫(yī)生。她認(rèn)為運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)嬰兒非常重要。有些孩子在小學(xué)或高中時(shí)有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。她認(rèn)為許多這樣的問(wèn)題都有著相同的原因。當(dāng)這些孩子還是嬰兒時(shí)，他們沒(méi)有進(jìn)行足夠的運(yùn)動(dòng)。“嬰兒需要運(yùn)動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫@對(duì)他們的五種感官有益。”巴恩斯說(shuō)，“他們需要在身體和大腦之間建立聯(lián)系。這有助于增強(qiáng)他們的記憶力。這樣，當(dāng)他們長(zhǎng)大后，孩子們將開(kāi)始將身體鍛煉與更高深的知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。”

運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅對(duì)嬰兒的大腦有好處，老年人也可以通過(guò)鍛煉來(lái)使他們的大腦更聰明。康奈爾大學(xué)的研究人員研究了一群老人。他們的年齡從七十歲到七十九歲不等。根據(jù)他們的研究，老年人每周只鍛煉三個(gè)小時(shí)，然后他們的記憶力變好了。練習(xí)不需要很難，但它必須增加心率。此外，就像嬰兒的運(yùn)動(dòng)一樣，老年人的運(yùn)動(dòng)也不能太簡(jiǎn)單。對(duì)于老年人來(lái)說(shuō)，大腦可能很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間都沒(méi)有使用過(guò)了。學(xué)習(xí)一些新事物有助于使大腦更好地工作。瑜伽或太極拳就是很好的例子。

For most people， if a kind ofphysical activity increases theheart rate， it is helpful. Thegoal14 is to make the blood runquicker in the brain. Yourbrain can be smarter， evenif you exercise two tothree hours a week.

對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，只要一種體育活動(dòng)可以提高心率，那它就是有益的。這一活動(dòng)目標(biāo)是使血液在大腦中流動(dòng)得更快。即使你每周只鍛煉兩到三個(gè)小時(shí)，你的大腦也會(huì)更聰明。

（英語(yǔ)原文選自：wonderopolis.org）