摘要 越來越多的研究提示靶向神經元抗體特別是抗Hu抗體可對中樞神經系統和(或)腸神經系統造成不同程度的損傷,影響相關疾病的發生、發展和預后,因此明確這類抗體對神經系統損傷的機制及其與疾病的相關性對個體化診斷和治療具有重要指導意義。本文就抗Hu抗體與副腫瘤性胃腸動力障礙性疾病、慢性假性腸梗阻、腸易激綜合征等疾病的相關性及其對神經元的損傷機制作一綜述。
關鍵詞 抗Hu抗體; 神經系統損傷; 胃腸動力障礙; 副腫瘤綜合征,神經系統; 腸假性梗阻; 腸易激綜合征
Progress in Pathogenesis of Nervous System Injury in Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders Caused by Anti?Hu Antibody FU Mingyu, FANG Xiucai. Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (100730)
Correspondence to: FANG Xiucai, Email: fangxiucai2@aliyun.com
Abstract More and more studies suggest that targeting neuronal antibodies, particularly anti?Hu antibody, can cause various degrees of damage to central nervous system and/or enteric nervous system and affect the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of related diseases. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of anti?Hu antibody?induced nervous system injury and its relevance to diseases is of significant importance for individualized diagnosis and treatment. This article reviewed the associations between anti?Hu antibody and paraneoplastic gastrointestinal dysmotility, chronic intestinal pseudo?obstruction, and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as the mechanisms of neuronal damage caused by anti?Hu antibody.
Key words Anti?Hu Antibody; Nervous System Injuries; Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System; Intestinal Pseudo?Obstruction; Irritable Bowel Syndrome
抗神經元抗體(antineuronal antibody)是一類特異性靶向神經元抗原的抗體,根據靶抗原的定位,主要分為:①抗神經元表面抗原抗體(antineuronal antibodies to cell surface antigen),如電壓門控鉀離子通道抗體(voltage?gated potassium channels antibody)、γ?氨基丁酸受體抗體(gamma?aminobutyric acid receptor antibody)等;②抗神經元胞內抗原抗體(antineuronal antibodies to intracellular antigen),如抗Hu抗體[anti?Hu antibody, 又稱1型抗神經元核抗體(type 1 anti?neuronal nuclear antibody)]、浦肯野細胞胞質自身抗體、谷氨酸脫羧酶65抗體等。目前認為,這些抗體可參與某些疾病的發生、發展,如邊緣葉腦炎(limbic encephalitis)、自身免疫性腦脊髓炎,對中樞神經系統或外周神經系統造成損傷,導致患者部分腦區神經元不可逆損傷或腸神經系統(enteric nervous system, ENS)調控的胃腸道功能異常。
有研究[1]發現,神經系統副腫瘤綜合征(paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, PNS)患者血清抗Hu抗體陽性率可高達38.8%。一項回顧性研究[2]納入了251例抗Hu抗體陽性患者,其中243例成年患者患伴有PNS,提示抗Hu抗體與PNS有較大的相關性。在一些胃腸動力障礙性疾病(disorders of gastrointestinal motility, DGIM),如賁門失弛緩癥、胃輕癱、胃食管反流病等患者中,血清也能檢測到抗神經元抗體[3?5]。……