Unit5 Learning from nature

★ Section I Starting out amp; Understanding ideas ★

基礎訓練

O單詞拼寫 根據首字母或漢語提示，用本部分所學單詞的正確形式填空，

1. Jim is always m Miss Li in class， which makes her quite angry.

2.A have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts feelings and behaviors.

3.A large amount of solar energy has been c into electrical energy since amounts of advanced equipment were introduced.

4. Our football players gave a s performance in the final and we all cheered.

5. There's a new （前沿） in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus： food.

6. The park on the （濱水地區） is bound to be a good place for rest and entertainmen

7.We once walked across a frozen （池塘） at two in the morning.

8. All the workers were working day and night to make sure the （管道系統）system ran smoothly.

①選擇填空 用方框中所給短語的適當形式填空。

respond totake... for grantedlive in harmony with covert... into meet the needs of

1.We must neverlose sight of the fact that man must nature.

2. Traditional teaching methods can’t the social and economic development.

3.Capturing energy from the sun and it electricity to run your toaster sounds like magic.

4. We are always been told not any emails requesting personal information， no matter how official they look.

5.Don't anything . You had better know that the harder you work， the luckier you’ll be.

血課文語法填空

Trees，plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. Nature is presented in various_1_（architecture） designs as well.

People _2_interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum. The building was designed_3_（show） the connection between nature and the modern city environment. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so_4_（true） captures the beauty of natural forms.

Harare's Eastgate Centre is_5_superb example of biomimicry. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while _6_（watch） a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems.

The world's first algae-powered building is in Hamburg， Germany， whose surface is covered in panels that contain algae.The panels capture heat_7__the sun and convert it into energy that_8 （power） the building. And the algae inside the panels can_9_（harvest） and used to produce fuel.

10_（create） buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

能力提升

①閱讀理解

Traditionally，robots have been hard， made of metal and other rigid materials.But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot—one that draws inspiration from an octopus （章魚）.

Described in science journal Nature， the Octobot could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search， rescue and exploration.“The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft， autonomous robots，\" the study's authors wrote.

Robots built for precise， repetitive movements in a controlled environment don't do so well on rough terrains （地形） or in unpredictable conditions.And they aren’t especially safe around humans， because they're made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.

So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They've taken inspiration from nature，looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches， which are often made up of more flexible matter.

But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone （硅酮）body， it's stilla grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts，such as a source of power.

“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage， it holds great promise for several applications， such as search-and-rescue operations and exploration，”Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology Center for Micro-BioRobotics， wrote in a comment.“Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.\"

1.Whatis the special feature of the Octobot？

A. It's very small. B. It’s made of metal.

C. It’s soft. D. It's like an octopus.

2.Whatistheweaknessof traditional robots？

A. They'rehard to control. B. They're too heavy to move. C. They can't predict conditions. D. They can't always behave well

3. Which is the most challenging part in building the Octobot？

A. Its silicone body. B.Its complex structure. C. Its precise movements. D. Its flexible power source

4.What is the possible application of the Octobot according to the text？

A.Medical research. B. Life rescue. C.Machine operation. D. House cleaning

①閱讀七選五

Nature hasalot tooffer._ Herearesomevaluable life lessons.

Respect your roots. With time， a young tree grows into full-grown one; something that was so tiny and delicate develops into a strong tree capable of supporting others. However tallit grows， its roots are firmly buried where it once rose._ 2 Hopefully， we ought to give something back to those humble beginnings that developed us into who we are.

Let the sorrows （傷心事） disappear. If you cut a hole in the tree， it will grow around it. Whatever may come in its way， a river will continue to flow. Similarly， whatever sorrow may break your heart， know that life goes on._ 3

Learn to coexist peacefully. Nature provides every creature a chance to exist， however big or small it may be._ 4 The tiger eats the antelope; without the antelope， the tiger may not survive.Likewise， without tigers， the overpopulation of antelopes may cause them to starve to death.

5 _Just as the icy cold snow melts in the warmth of spring to give birth to fresh green leaves，come autumn these leaves age into shades of gold only to be once again buried in the cold winter.

What to learn from nature is limitless. Respect， admire her and emulate （仿效） her ways into your life.

A. Change is unavoidable.

B.She inspires creatures to challenge themselves.

C.It is essential to maintain the balance of nature.

D. She teaches us values that may lead to a full and happy life.

E. The pain will weaken and enable you to grow in the process.

F. We should learn to keep ourselves grounded， respect and hold on to our origins.

G.But the existence of one creature depends to some extent on the existence of the other.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Section II Using language *

基礎訓練

D單句語法填空 在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

1. Some （physician） do believe that there is nothing better than using food as medicine.

2. The rich life experiences and （wise） of elderly people are treasures.

3. The research team always take their inspiration the natural world， watching house spiders move up and down their webs.

4. While the adults go out at night for food， the young （bat） hang out in the cave for four or five weeks.

5.The UN Climate Change Conference brings together experts from around the world to seek solutions reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

6. The officer suggested that this new technology should （employ） in related fields as soon as possible.

7. The purpose of education is （develop） a fine personality in children.

8.Spring is the best season （sow） seeds while autumn is the season when farmers harvest their crops.

①單元語法填空 閱讀下面短文，根據上下文語境，結合本單元所學語法知識完成短文。

A fairy was flying in the blue sky when she saw a king and a queen weeping in a garden.

“_1（see） is believing，” the fairy said to herself.“A king or a queen could be sad sometimes.\" The queen said，\"It would be so nice_2_（have） a child.\"

“Indeed. What a joy it would be_3_（take） care ofa child of our own！ Is it a good idea_4 （try） some magic grasses or flowers？ said the king.

Without a word， the queen looked up at him longingly.

The fairy decided_5_（do） the couple a great favor.

Soon the kingdom had a lovely princess.The king invited seven fairies_6_（be） present at the great event. Suddenly， the gate opened wide.

7（stand） in the middle of the hall was a witch in black.“The king had invited all the fairies but I did not hear from him，” she said coldly to the queen.The king found it hard_8_（put） up with that.

“How do you feel upon_9_（learn） I did not invite you？\"

“I don't care，” she turned to the queen with a smile.“But now I am here.I don't know what 10_（wear） and how to behave.I don't know whether to laugh or cry at this special moment.\"

1. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

能力提升

①完形填空

Scientists from Stanford University are studying a gecko （壁虎）. It's a（n）_1_animal because it can move up and down a tree and even upside down on ceilings. The scientists are _2the gecko’s feet. They want to use the_3_design on a robot that looks like the gecko.It has four feet and can walk up walls made of glass or plastic， but it_4_has trouble walking upside down.

Animals and plants can_5_humans a lot. Many engineers， scientists，and designers spend time_6_them.When they have a problem，nature often has the_7_ This science is called biomimetics.Biomimeticists study animals and plants in order to_8_their design.

For example， engineers in Canada are studying whale flippers （鰭） because they move so_9 through water. The engineers believe the shape can_10_the movement of wind turbines （風力機）. Similarly， engineers at Mercedes-Benz are_1l_the shape of the boxfish to one of their new cars because it makes the car_12_and more fuel efficient.

In 1982 inventor Wilhelm Bartlott got a great idea studying the leaf of a lotus plant. He noticed that water always ran off the leaf.When he had a closer look，he discovered how this_13_.Bartlott copied the leaf's_14_surface and now you can find it in specialized paint products that don't allow water and dirt to stick to them.

Biomimetics not only has helped to_15_our world but promises many more possibilities.

1. A. strange B. endangered C. typical D. amazing

2.A. interested in B. proud of C. satisfied with D. confident about

3.A. last B. whole C. same D. right

4.A. even B. still C. already D. never

5.A. cost B. affect C. trouble D. teach

6. A. studying B. introducing C. identifying D. collecting

7.A. power B. purpose C. sense D. answer

8.A. discuss B. copy C. simplify D.describe

9. A. effectively B. carefully C. restlessly D. independently

10. A. follow B. control C. predict D. improve

11. A. attaching B. comparing C. applying D. showing

12. A. heavier B.smarter C. faster D. quieter

13.A. reacted B. worked C. connected D. spread

14.A. hard B. cold C. special D. shiny

15.A. save B. design C. imagine D. rule

①語法填空

Passage

Nature is our best teacher._1（learn） from nature's wisdom led farmers in Ancient China 2_（create） the 24 Solar Terms. Their_3_（observe） of changes of seasons，astronomy and other natural phenomena helped them to arrnge their farming_4_life in the past.The 24 Solar Terms， indicating changes in weather conditions，_5_（be） of particular importance to farmers. They can use them for guiding their practices.The first term is known as “Beginning of Spring\"，and marks the time _6_days become longer and the temperature begins to increase.

Nowadays， the 24 Solar Terms not only apply_7_farming but also guide Chinese people in everyday life.So_8_（vary） are the functions of the Solar Terms and their contributions to cultural identity that in 2016 they_9_（add） to UNESCO's List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.One of the purposes is to share them with the world. The natural world is so_10_（amaze） that we can find more mysteries as long as we explore it.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Passage 2

Do you remember the Greek legend in which Daedalus， inspired by birds， built wings for his son Icarus and1 （he） so they could escape from the tyrant （暴君）Minos？ Then you_2_（sure） remember that this journey did not go so well. The wax （蠟） on the wings melted when Icarus flew too near the sun and he crashed._3_is interesting about this story is that Daedalus’ inspiration was Mother Nature，which_4_（lead） us to the topic of bionics.Nature has been and is a role model for many inventions and achievements， for instance in packaging， technology and architecture.

Take the Sydney Opera House_5_an example. The large size of the roof construction was a real challenge.Architect Jorn Utzon drew inspiration from palm fronds （棕櫚葉） and the roof was not modeled after sails，as popularly_6_（assume）， but rather after orange peel.

Another example is the Multihalle in the Herzogenried Park.It_7（call） “the Mannheim marvel” because it is the_8_（large） self-supporting structure in Europe.It can accommodate 2，6009_（visit） on 10，0oo square meters without a single support column. This tent-roof has been made possible by_10_unique lattice （格子框架） shell construction. Its designer Frei Oto took his inspiration from spider-web structures.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Section I Developing ideas ★*

基礎訓練

①單詞填空 用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1. The poet has a hope of life and the heart， living in harmony with nature， and gaining happiness and spiritual . （pure）

2. In the morning， Simon for Russia. But fortunately I saw him shortly before his . （depart）

3.I need a job that really me， and I can get great joy and from it. （fulfil）

4. Some of us agreed to go with her. But some are still to do that. （reluctant）

5.It is unavoidable by others， though these feelings of and hur1 won't go away immediately. （reject）

6.He was a man full of ，and he isolder and after ten years in the business. （wise）

①單句表達 根據括號內提示翻譯句子。

1.Jane很隨和，我們和她在一起很自在。（ateasewith）

2.John在畢業前一年就退學了。（withdrawfrom）

3.Nina不是一個向困難屈服的姑娘。（resign oneself to）

4.離開了朋友們，他感到很孤獨。（depart，現在分詞作狀語）

5.走少有人走的路需要很大的勇氣。（It takes...to do...）

Ⅲ提示寫作

選用所給詞匯或句型造句，并組成一段連貫的短文（80詞左右）。

wonderachieve try hard to in the same waygo through too...to......so that...It takes...to do...

能力提升

①閱讀理解

When Sarah Lee was a child， she loved to watch the birds in her backyard and wonder how they could fly so effortlessy. As she grew older， Sarah became interested in the science behind flight and decided to study aerospace （航空航天） engineering in college.

After graduation， Sarah began working for a company that designed airplanes. However， she soon realized that the traditional methods of airplane design were not always efficient or sustainable. She began to wonder if there was a way to design airplanes that simulated the natural world.

Sarah started to study birds and insects， observing how they were able to fly with such grace and efficiency. She asked questions like： How do birds adjust their wings to different wind conditions？ How do insects use their wings to hover in place？

With this knowledge， Sarah began to design airplanes that incorporated biomimicry， or the imitation of nature. She created wings that could adjust their shape based on wind conditions， just like a bird's wings. She also designed planes that could hover in place， like a dragonfly.

Sarah's designs were a hit. Her company began to produce airplanes that were more efficient and sustainable than ever before. They used less fuel and emitted fewer pollutants into the air.

Sarah now travels around the world， giving talks on the benefits of biomimicry in engineering. “Nature has been solving problems for millions of years，” she says.“We can learn a lot from the natural world if we just take the time to observe and ask questions.”

1. What made Sarah Lee major in aerospace engineering？

A.Her fascination with airplanes. B.Her interest in flight science.

C.Herchildhood dream. D.Her love for watching birds.

2. The underlined word “simulated’ in Paragraph 2 probably means“

A. monitored B.imitated C. resembled D. pretended

3.What is one example of biomimicry in Sarah's airplane designs？

A.Landing devices that resemble insect legs.

B.Engines that run on renewable energy sources.

C.Bodies that mimic the structure of a bird’s nest.

D.Wings that adjust their shape based on wind conditions.

4.What can be inferred about Sarah'scareer goal according to the text？

A. To become a pilot. B.Tostudybirdsand insects. C. To design effcient airplanes. D. To be an aerospace engineei

B

Many of us are disgusted （厭惡的） by spiders， or even afraid of them.But do you know that a spider's natural color may have many practical applications in our daily life？ For example， it can inspire a new shade of blue textiles （紡織品） and offer a solution to the glare on the screen of your phone when you're out in the sun.

This color is a shade of blue， inspired by the cobalt blue tarantula—a species of spider that is native to the rainforests of Southeast Asia. What surprised scientists who observed the eight-legged furry spider was that its color did not change at all， even when viewed from diferent angles.

A team of scientists， led by Bill Hsiung from the University of Akron in Ohio， have been studying tarantulas for some time.Blue is a rare color in the animal kingdom. The researchers set out to find the exact nature of this blue.They found that the outer body of the tarantula is covered by tiny crystalline （晶狀的） structures. These structures act like a mirror and when light strikes them， they reflect only one particular wavelength of light-blue. This kind ofnatural color is referred to as the “structural color”.

Usually， when colors are viewed from different angles， they appear different because of how light is reflected. This is because of a phenomenon known as iridescence （虹彩）. However， the blue color produced by tarantulas appears the same from all angles. It is the tiny crystals on the tarantula'sbody arranged in a flower-like shape that reduce iridescence.

Scientists have known about structural colors for a while，but they have not seen them used for dye （染料）. With a clearer understanding of how“structural colors” work， scientists can now create a color similar to the tarantula blue to dye textiles and other products.

5.What is special about the cobalt blue tarantula？

A. Its color is unchangeably blue. B. Its smell is naturally disgusting.

C. Its furs can be made into textiles. D. Its legs look crystal clear in the su.

6.What can we learn about the tarantula's crystalline structures？

A. They shorten the wavelength of light. B. They merely reflect the light of blue.

C.They determine the size of a tarantula. D. They absorb much light on a tarantula's body.

7. What is the author's purpose in writing Paragraph 4？

A.To introduce the tarantula's body structures. B.To explain the theory of the structural color. C.To show the phenomenon of color iridescence. D.To discuss the importance of reflection angles to colors

8.What is the best title for the text？

A.A Color Inspired by a Spider B. The Development of Blue Textiles C.The Cobalt Blue Tarantula—A Rare SpiderD.A Spider with Structural Colors Discovered

①完形填空

Before I went to Nature High Summer Camp， I didn't have many opinions about the environment—I_1_the environment was for other people to worry about.That_2_didn't last long at the camp.I3_learned about land use and forest management and started to_4the world around me.

The person who_5_me most was Diane. She had worked in the_6_for twenty years and was by far the most_7professional there.When she started talking，Ihung on her every_8 and thought that everything she said made sense.

Diane_9_me by suggesting that putting out forest fires isn't always a good thing-in fact， the cycle of nature makes it_1O__that fires take place because they clear out dead materials and enrich the_11.Because the Forest Service put out all the fires in the past， the accumulation （堆積） of dead materials meant that a forest fire would grow bigger and consume more.

Diane said that_12_logging （伐木） would actually help the area because it would clear out the _13_ trees and allow new trees to grow. Diane added that luckily necessary logging consumption had increased， which could help the environment.

I've _14_a lot from Diane.Irealized that humans should protect the environment.There are other_15_for us to do the environment a favor， such as planting trees， saving paper and recycling water.

1. A. disagreed B. imagined C. appreciated D.considered

2.A. intention B. course C. explanation D. opinion

3. A. finally B. normally C. secretly D. unwillingly

4.A. argue about B. care about C. hang around D. sail around

5.A. supported B. trusted C. influenced D.worried

6.A. forest B. factory C. school D. city

7. A. polite B. experienced C. satisfied D. curious

8.A. invitation B. role C. choice D. word

9.A. warned B.informed C. shocked D. encouraged

10.A. necessary B. easy C. worthless D. possible

11.A. ecosystem B. vegetation C. situation D. soil

12.A. complete B. endless C. selective D. free

13.A. dead B.thick C. newborn D. large

14.A.borrowed B.learned C. suffered D. asked

15.A.reasons B.materials C. resources D. ways

話題表達指導

話題介紹

話題：自然的啟示。要求我們通過對本單元核心知識的學習，能夠描繪我們在日常生活中觀察到的某個自然現象，感悟這種自然現象帶給我們的啟示，寫一篇具有啟發性的短文。

建議體裁：夾敘夾議。

注意事項：選取的主題應與自然相關且具有生活意義或富有哲理。同時，要清楚地闡述自然現象帶給我們的啟示，并說明我們在生活中如何運用這些啟示。另見下表：

題例導學

題目

假定你是李華，你校英文報正在開展主題為“ObservingNature”的征文活動。請寫一篇短文投稿，內容包括：

1.背景介紹;2.觀察到的自然現象；3.獲得的啟示。注意：1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

思路引導1·要點分析

1.背景：簡單說明你是怎么發現這一自然現象的（在什么情況下或正在做什么時）；2.自然現象：滴水穿石、螞蟻搬家、燕子筑巢、小草再生、早鳥覓食等，重點描述你所觀察的對象做了什么，有什么樣的反應，最終獲得怎樣的一種結果等；3.啟示：向自然學習，在面對生活中的種種問題或困難時，也應做到團結、勤奮、頑強不屈、堅持不懈等。

思路引導2·本單元語言知識運用

根據漢語意思及提示翻譯句子。

1.我和父母在院子里談話時，看到一只燕子朝我們家飛來。（be doing...whe...）

2.就在那時，我意識到它將在我們的屋檐下筑巢。（Itwas...that...）

3.它每次只能帶一點泥，這讓我懷疑它是否能完成這項任務。（carry，which）

4.有這樣一個鄰居真的讓我的家人很開心。（非謂語作主語）

5.一開始似乎不可能做成那件事。（it作形式主語）

思路引導3·連句成篇

范例展示

On a spring morning， I was talking with my parents in the yard when I saw one swallow flying toward our house. When I got closer， I saw it carrying mud with its mouth. It was then that I realized it would build a nest under our roof.

I noticed that it could only carry a little mud at a time， which made me doubt whether it could complete the task. However， it kept carrying mud every day and after three days，a beautiful nest was completed. Having such a neighbor really made my family happy.

From the swallow I learned that we can realize our goal as long as we are determined， anc have the spirit of perseverance though it may seem impossible to achieve that in the beginning.

話題表達

假定你是李華。在學習了本單元后，你們班準備舉辦一場主題為“Learning fromNature”的班會活動，要求同學們發言分享。請寫一篇發言稿，內容包括：

1.背景介紹;

2.觀察到的自然現象；

3.獲得的啟示。

注意：

1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；

2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

★Section IV Presenting ideas

核心短語與句型回顧

短語

1. 認為…理所當然

2.be to 目的是…，旨在

3.be based 以……為基礎，基于·

4. a similarway以相似的方式

5.be fed 用…喂養

6. ..into...將……轉化為………

7. respond 對……做出回應

8. the beauty of捕捉…之美

9. live with 與……和諧共處

10. reduce 減少對的破壞

11. 尋求……的解決方案

12. 從……中獲得靈感

13. into being形成

14. in return 作為對…的回報

15. reaction 對…的反應/回應

16. from從…中退出

17. the needs of滿足…·的需求

18.be critical 批評，批判

19. oneself to致力于

20. with不拘束，放松

21. oneselfto使自己順從（做）某事

22. sbastepcloserto使某人更 接近……

句型

1.so...that...引導結果狀語從句 In fact，we are （如此習慣于 它們以至于）we may even take them for granted...

2.不定式作主語 （滿足現今的需求）while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge...

3.現在分詞作狀語 （看見一個口子） in the pupa， he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge.

4. It takes （sb）...to... （拒絕需要相當大的 勇氣）the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature..

5.while引導時間狀語從句的省略 Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre （在觀看一部自然紀錄片時）inwhich termites were constructing their nets.

開放式表達

請根據提示，運用本單元核心知識，以“人與自然的關系”為話題，談談你的看法。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. The relationship between human beings and nature is..

2.We can learn from nature which helps us...

3.At the same time， nature needs our protection. So we should...