肖慶周： 創(chuàng)建現(xiàn)代生態(tài)海洋化工大基地

走進(jìn)海化，一處處建設(shè)工地?zé)峄鸪欤蛔鹿S拔地而起，一個(gè)個(gè)新興的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)“產(chǎn)業(yè)集群”方興未艾……

2003年是山東海化集團(tuán)實(shí)現(xiàn)超常規(guī)跨越式發(fā)展的一年：在主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品純堿價(jià)格大幅度下滑和原材物料大幅度漲價(jià)的不利形勢(shì)下，集團(tuán)完成營(yíng)業(yè)收入53．8億元，實(shí)現(xiàn)利稅6.5億元，實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)3.7億元，同比分別增長(zhǎng)59.1%、73.1%和149.1%。同2000年相比，三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均增長(zhǎng)了一倍多，圓滿實(shí)現(xiàn)了“一年打基礎(chǔ)，兩年上臺(tái)階，三年翻一番”的規(guī)劃目標(biāo)，為2005年實(shí)現(xiàn)銷售收入過(guò)100億元奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

求真務(wù)實(shí)，居危思進(jìn)

“桃李不言，下自成蹊。”海化集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)、總經(jīng)理、黨委書記肖慶周對(duì)自己的座右銘這樣說(shuō)道，“干企業(yè)，做事情，不是為了炫耀政績(jī)，你做的事情總得經(jīng)得起時(shí)間和歷史的檢驗(yàn)，叫廣大職工群眾從心底里認(rèn)可才是。”

“多做一點(diǎn)，少說(shuō)一點(diǎn)，做實(shí)一點(diǎn)。”肖慶周說(shuō)，“近三年，集團(tuán)固定資產(chǎn)投入30億元，所投項(xiàng)目沒(méi)有一個(gè)是失敗的；所定的計(jì)劃沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)是落空的，都超額完成了既定的奮斗目標(biāo)。”用肖慶周的話說(shuō)，這一切歸結(jié)于一句古語(yǔ)叫“凡事預(yù)則立，不預(yù)則廢”。

其實(shí)，海化近幾年的超常規(guī)跨越式發(fā)展生動(dòng)地證明了這一點(diǎn)。審時(shí)度勢(shì)，準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)，正確決策，科學(xué)實(shí)施，真抓實(shí)干，是肖慶周近幾年來(lái)動(dòng)用心思投入精力最多的地方。

“企業(yè)最好的時(shí)候，也就是最危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候。”肖慶周認(rèn)為，“中國(guó)入世后，國(guó)外大企業(yè)蜂擁而入，搶占市場(chǎng)；民營(yíng)企業(yè)如雨后春筍蓬勃發(fā)展；南方先進(jìn)省市一批完成初步資本積累的企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略投資正向北方轉(zhuǎn)移。”“決策失誤是最大的失誤，但科學(xué)的決策來(lái)源于對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策、市場(chǎng)信息、自身比較優(yōu)勢(shì)等諸多因素的準(zhǔn)確把握，要真正做到這一點(diǎn)，可不是件容易事。”

“差距就是潛力。與國(guó)內(nèi)外先進(jìn)企業(yè)相比，我們的差距顯而易見(jiàn)，最主要的就是思想觀念沒(méi)有人家的新，思路沒(méi)有人家的寬，體制沒(méi)有人家的好，效率沒(méi)有人家的高。”肖慶周認(rèn)為，“能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題是有水平的表現(xiàn)，能夠正視問(wèn)題是有勇氣的表現(xiàn)，能夠解決問(wèn)題是有能力的表現(xiàn)。看不到差距是最大的差距，看不到問(wèn)題是最大的問(wèn)題，看不到危機(jī)是最大的危機(jī)。發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題是為了解決問(wèn)題，看到差距是為了縮小差距。”

“不求最大，但求最強(qiáng)，以強(qiáng)固本，強(qiáng)中求大。”這是肖慶周對(duì)海化發(fā)展理念的清醒的把握。他認(rèn)為，海化目前要做大做強(qiáng)，首先必須先做強(qiáng)，再做大，走以強(qiáng)固本、強(qiáng)中求大的發(fā)展之路。

3年投入30億，大投入還要巧投入

這邊項(xiàng)目剛剛投產(chǎn)，那邊項(xiàng)目開(kāi)始試車；這邊工地上塔吊林立、機(jī)械轟鳴，那邊工程又開(kāi)工奠基……在海化集團(tuán)到處都能看到一派熱火朝天、大干快上的動(dòng)人場(chǎng)面。

海化集團(tuán)的超常規(guī)跨越式發(fā)展，首先得益于投入的大氣魄，尤其是新上大項(xiàng)目多。去年僅過(guò)億元的項(xiàng)目就有10多個(gè)， 40萬(wàn)噸重油綜合利用、兩個(gè)40萬(wàn)噸焦炭、2.4萬(wàn)噸三聚氰胺、60萬(wàn)具二氧化碳滅火器瓶體、熱電擴(kuò)建二期工程、合資溴化物等項(xiàng)目已陸續(xù)投入運(yùn)行，年產(chǎn)60萬(wàn)噸純堿擴(kuò)建和8萬(wàn)噸硝鹽擴(kuò)建項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在相繼進(jìn)入試生產(chǎn)階段。

海化集團(tuán)通過(guò)開(kāi)展招商引資、爭(zhēng)取銀行貸款、發(fā)動(dòng)員工募股、企業(yè)自有資金投入等多種渠道籌集資金上項(xiàng)目，使投入逐年攀升。

最近，海化集團(tuán)年產(chǎn)60萬(wàn)噸純堿擴(kuò)建項(xiàng)目又正式試車了。項(xiàng)目投資7億多元，采用山東海化股份有限公司自主開(kāi)發(fā)的液相水合法新工藝，以出口為主的低鹽優(yōu)質(zhì)重堿比例達(dá)70%以上，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力大大提高。而如果新建一個(gè)同等規(guī)模的純堿廠，最少需要投資15億元。花7億元錢，辦15億元錢的事，聽(tīng)上去有點(diǎn)不可思議，但海化這兩年搞投入，卻筆筆是這樣的得意之作。

海化原來(lái)有一個(gè)投資6000多萬(wàn)元的硝鹽項(xiàng)目，由于投資大、成本高，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益不甚理想。他們投資630萬(wàn)元，采用國(guó)際上的最新技術(shù)，實(shí)施了5萬(wàn)噸改8萬(wàn)噸工程，只用相當(dāng)于原來(lái)投資1/10的資金投入，就成功增加了60%的產(chǎn)量，產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷美國(guó)、韓國(guó)等10多個(gè)國(guó)家，企業(yè)一下子打了翻身仗。

目前，正處在試車階段的年產(chǎn)8萬(wàn)噸硝鹽擴(kuò)建項(xiàng)目，達(dá)產(chǎn)后每年可消化散裝純堿12萬(wàn)噸，不僅成為海化純堿的最大用戶，有效緩解純堿的銷售壓力，而且企業(yè)內(nèi)部每年增值1億多元。

令海化人欣慰的是，3年來(lái)新上項(xiàng)目20多個(gè)，個(gè)個(gè)成功，且全都達(dá)到了科技含量高、規(guī)模優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯、帶動(dòng)作用強(qiáng)的預(yù)期效果。

現(xiàn)在，海化人又把眼光瞄向了今年的大項(xiàng)目：投資20多億元，進(jìn)行老堿廠的改造、新堿廠的配套完善、10萬(wàn)噸氯堿、10萬(wàn)噸PVC、熱電三期工程新上5萬(wàn)千瓦機(jī)組、薛城焦化的50萬(wàn)噸焦炭等一批過(guò)億元的項(xiàng)目。

從“一堿獨(dú)大”到“三足鼎立”

過(guò)去一提海化集團(tuán)的產(chǎn)品，人們能想到的就是鹽、堿、溴。鹽場(chǎng)曬鹽，堿廠再用鹽生產(chǎn)純堿。去年純堿價(jià)格大幅下滑，較往年平均每噸下跌110多元。因純堿價(jià)格因素影響，海化集團(tuán)減少利潤(rùn)1.5億元。

純堿市場(chǎng)行情變化有一個(gè)馬鞍形曲線。如果單一產(chǎn)業(yè)，產(chǎn)品價(jià)格進(jìn)入低谷時(shí)，企業(yè)效益便不可避免地跌入低谷，甚至瀕臨倒閉的危險(xiǎn)，抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力差。

如何把“看家”本領(lǐng)練得更強(qiáng)，海化人這些年真動(dòng)了不少心思。目前，集團(tuán)已形成了鹽堿系列、溴及溴化物系列、苦鹵化工等高度關(guān)聯(lián)、互為依托、滾動(dòng)增值的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，產(chǎn)業(yè)體系日臻完善。為做大做強(qiáng)海洋化工，他們又將建設(shè)氯堿及氯深加工等一批投資過(guò)5億元的大項(xiàng)目，到2005年，海洋化工產(chǎn)業(yè)銷售收入有望突破40億元，產(chǎn)業(yè)集群效應(yīng)將進(jìn)一步凸顯。

2000年，海化集團(tuán)在煤化工產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，只有一個(gè)年產(chǎn)20多萬(wàn)噸焦炭的濰坊振興焦化公司，主要為純堿廠提供焦炭。2002年8月，他們審時(shí)度勢(shì)，收購(gòu)了具有年產(chǎn)30萬(wàn)噸焦炭能力的薛城焦化廠。根據(jù)對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的科學(xué)研判，又在不到一年的時(shí)間內(nèi)，集團(tuán)果斷地在兩個(gè)焦化廠各擴(kuò)建了40萬(wàn)噸焦炭；去年9月，又有一座年產(chǎn)50萬(wàn)噸的焦?fàn)t在薛焦破土動(dòng)工。今年，海化集團(tuán)的焦炭生產(chǎn)能力將達(dá)到200萬(wàn)噸。此外，海化在煤化工領(lǐng)域還具備了年產(chǎn)30萬(wàn)噸尿素、7萬(wàn)噸三聚氰胺、20萬(wàn)噸生鐵的能力。按發(fā)展規(guī)劃，海化將以焦炭為基礎(chǔ)，以煤化工產(chǎn)品為方向，努力發(fā)展精深加工，積極搞好相關(guān)配套，不斷拉伸產(chǎn)業(yè)價(jià)值鏈，到2005年，煤化工產(chǎn)業(yè)力爭(zhēng)實(shí)現(xiàn)銷售收入30億元。煤化工正成為海化集團(tuán)一大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。

外與石化巨頭掛鉤，內(nèi)與海洋化工關(guān)聯(lián)，大力發(fā)展石油化工，是海化集團(tuán)的另一個(gè)重要的產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整戰(zhàn)略。海化原有一個(gè)進(jìn)行渣油深加工的石油化工廠，擁有專有技術(shù)，但年加工能力只有15萬(wàn)噸。海化集團(tuán)的決策者根據(jù)國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)大力發(fā)展能源工業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，本著放大拉長(zhǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的原則，去年投資2．5億元，上馬了40萬(wàn)噸重油綜合利用項(xiàng)目，目前已順利投入生產(chǎn)。

如今的海化集團(tuán)，已經(jīng)初步形成了鹽化工、煤化工、石油化工三大產(chǎn)業(yè)三足鼎立，熱力電力、第三產(chǎn)業(yè)、建筑建材及房地產(chǎn)、化工機(jī)械、精細(xì)化工五大輔業(yè)配套服務(wù)的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展格局。

資本運(yùn)營(yíng)與招商引資兩翼齊飛

“資本運(yùn)營(yíng)是加快企業(yè)發(fā)展的高級(jí)階段。沒(méi)有資本運(yùn)營(yíng)的大突破，就難以實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)的超常規(guī)、跳躍式發(fā)展。把資本運(yùn)營(yíng)的著力點(diǎn)放在招商引資上，以大招商促進(jìn)大開(kāi)放、大發(fā)展。”肖慶周形象地把“資本運(yùn)營(yíng)”和“招商引資”比作加快企業(yè)發(fā)展的兩個(gè)翅膀。

近幾年，海化集團(tuán)始終把搞好資本運(yùn)營(yíng)、實(shí)施低成本擴(kuò)張作為招商引資、加快企業(yè)發(fā)展的重要措施來(lái)抓，取得了明顯效果，充分發(fā)揮上市公司的融資功能，2001年成功地實(shí)施配股募集資金3.87億元，成為山東省第一家當(dāng)年獲準(zhǔn)配股的企業(yè)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)資本運(yùn)營(yíng)的新突破，目前正在積極爭(zhēng)取海化股份公司在年內(nèi)發(fā)行可轉(zhuǎn)換債券，預(yù)計(jì)融資10億元左右；下一步將重點(diǎn)做好深圳欣康數(shù)碼公司和兩個(gè)焦化公司的整合上市工作，力爭(zhēng)近兩年內(nèi)再有1至2只股票上市。同時(shí)，海化集團(tuán)還抓住機(jī)遇，發(fā)揮資金、產(chǎn)業(yè)、管理等方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，積極穩(wěn)妥地實(shí)施低成本擴(kuò)張，2002年8月采取職工入股形式募集資金1500萬(wàn)元，跨地區(qū)成功收購(gòu)了原棗莊薛城焦化廠。海化集團(tuán)進(jìn)駐薛焦后，移植先進(jìn)的管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，注入健康向上的企業(yè)文化，抓住市場(chǎng)機(jī)遇搞技改上項(xiàng)目，使企業(yè)邁入快速發(fā)展軌道，去年實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)近億元。

海化集團(tuán)還把資本運(yùn)營(yíng)的著力點(diǎn)放在招商引資上，以大招商促進(jìn)大開(kāi)放、大發(fā)展。目前，集團(tuán)與以色列死海溴集團(tuán)合資開(kāi)發(fā)的溴化物項(xiàng)目已投入生產(chǎn)，項(xiàng)目總投資3億美元，一期工程投資3000萬(wàn)美元，共同開(kāi)發(fā)8種產(chǎn)品，項(xiàng)目投運(yùn)后，不僅可使中國(guó)的溴化物生產(chǎn)技術(shù)達(dá)到世界先進(jìn)水平，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大出口創(chuàng)匯，而且對(duì)整個(gè)中國(guó)海洋化工高新產(chǎn)業(yè)及其相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，都將起到重要的推動(dòng)作用。在與以色列死海溴集團(tuán)、日本伊藤忠等企業(yè)合資合作的同時(shí)，今后還將瞄準(zhǔn)世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)搞招商引資，積極吸引外商投資，重點(diǎn)抓好一批帶動(dòng)作用強(qiáng)的“大、高、外”項(xiàng)目的合資合作。

同時(shí)集團(tuán)還積極地走出去，以國(guó)際市場(chǎng)需求為導(dǎo)向，加大產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度，使產(chǎn)品上質(zhì)量、上檔次，為產(chǎn)品出口創(chuàng)造條件，整合集團(tuán)外經(jīng)貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)，建立全球化的市場(chǎng)銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)與跨國(guó)公司及實(shí)力較強(qiáng)的國(guó)外企業(yè)的聯(lián)系，與其建立代理合作關(guān)系，成為其銷售專賣點(diǎn)。通過(guò)在國(guó)外建廠辦點(diǎn)，把技術(shù)成熟、市場(chǎng)前景好的產(chǎn)品推向國(guó)外，以推動(dòng)技術(shù)、設(shè)備出口；并通過(guò)收購(gòu)、兼并、參股等方式，把市場(chǎng)前景好、附加值高的企業(yè)建成產(chǎn)品出口基地，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大出口范圍和數(shù)量。

目前，海化集團(tuán)生產(chǎn)的40種主要產(chǎn)品中，已有30多種產(chǎn)品出口40多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，完成進(jìn)出口總額1．27億美元，其中出口創(chuàng)匯突破了1億美元，分別比去年增長(zhǎng)87%和103%，初步形成了多品種出口、全方位創(chuàng)匯的新格局，成為全國(guó)最大的現(xiàn)代化海洋化工產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和出口創(chuàng)匯基地。

編織嶄新的生態(tài)工業(yè)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”

海化集團(tuán)制堿每年產(chǎn)生800多萬(wàn)噸蒸氨廢清液、廢渣，制鹽每年剩余100多萬(wàn)噸苦鹵，僅是鹽堿一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條上產(chǎn)生的這些“廢棄物”， 如果直接排海，渤海萊州灣南岸的濰坊近海勢(shì)必成為一片“白灘”，海洋生物將蕩然無(wú)存。

為吃掉這些“廢棄物”，海化集團(tuán)建設(shè)了蒸氨廢清液兌鹵曬鹽工程，每年不但能消化廢清液300多萬(wàn)噸，創(chuàng)造了世界制堿史上蒸氨廢清液不排海的先例，而且還能曬鹽10多萬(wàn)噸。他們還投資建設(shè)了以蒸氨廢清液為原料的氯化鈣項(xiàng)目，每年消化廢液200多萬(wàn)噸，生產(chǎn)氯化鈣12萬(wàn)噸，產(chǎn)品70%以上出口。“廢棄物”不但不再是污染環(huán)境的元兇，還搖身一變成了賺大錢的“寶貝”。隨著純堿的不斷擴(kuò)產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生的廢液也相應(yīng)增加，為消化新增廢液，海化集團(tuán)又著手?jǐn)U建30萬(wàn)噸/年氯化鈣項(xiàng)目。項(xiàng)目建成投產(chǎn)后，不僅能實(shí)現(xiàn)蒸氨廢清液零排放，而且會(huì)大大提高蒸氨廢清液利用率。

肖慶周認(rèn)為，在海化每上一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，決策者首先考慮的是兼顧“前后左右”的關(guān)系，產(chǎn)品能否和上下游產(chǎn)品接續(xù)成鏈，能否和關(guān)聯(lián)產(chǎn)品復(fù)合成網(wǎng)，資源能否實(shí)現(xiàn)綜合利用直到“吃干榨盡”。 目前，海化集團(tuán)海洋化工產(chǎn)業(yè)形成了溴系列、純堿系列、苦鹵化工系列、精細(xì)化工系列高度關(guān)聯(lián)、互為依托、精深加工、滾動(dòng)增值的生態(tài)工業(yè)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”。

在這張“網(wǎng)”內(nèi)，原鹽是純堿工業(yè)的原料，海化開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)純堿生產(chǎn)能力已達(dá)200萬(wàn)噸，每年可消化原鹽300多萬(wàn)噸；以純堿為原料，海化又深加工生產(chǎn)小蘇打、硝鹽、泡花堿等，每年可消化純堿20多萬(wàn)噸；以制堿廢液為原料生產(chǎn)氯化鈣、氯化鈉；以制鹽苦鹵為原料生產(chǎn)硫酸鉀、氯化鎂、氫氧化鎂等；以溴素為原料生產(chǎn)系列滅火劑、氫溴酸、十溴二苯醚、溴化鉀等溴化物產(chǎn)品。

生態(tài)工業(yè)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的建立，讓偌大一個(gè)化工城不但對(duì)環(huán)境基本沒(méi)有造成污染，而且使資源得以綜合利用，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益大幅度提高，實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)“同生共贏”。中科院院士李文華、著名生態(tài)學(xué)家馬傳棟教授等到海化實(shí)地考察后認(rèn)為，海化自覺(jué)運(yùn)用生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)原則，實(shí)現(xiàn)了廢棄物在區(qū)域內(nèi)閉路循環(huán)和廢料的全部資源化，建立了一種區(qū)域內(nèi)的工業(yè)生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)平衡，大大提高了資源的集約化利用程度和生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合效益，堪稱全國(guó)乃至世界發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的典范。

到2010年，海化銷售收入將達(dá)到200億元。一座氣勢(shì)恢弘的現(xiàn)代生態(tài)海洋化工新城，正在廣闊的渤海萊州灣南岸巍然崛起。

Nowadays， whoever visits the Shandong Haihua Group (SHG) will find a prosperous scene of busy construction spots and flourishing factories， all of which reveal a powerful “industrial group” rising on the land.

The year 2003 witnessed an extraordinary “great leap forward” development of SHG. Under the disadvantageous conditions that the price of its dominant product (soda ash) reduced by a great margin while the prices of raw materials increased by a large margin， SHG still turned over revenues of 5.38 billion yuan， taxes of 650 million yuan， and profits of 370 million yuan， increasing by 59.1%， 73.1%， and 149.1% over the previous year， respectively.

According to current provincial guidelines to develop new-type industries， SHG has energetically increased its investment and adjusted and optimized its industrial structures， which has resulted in sustainable development.

“To work in an enterprise， the consciousness of responsibility and risk should be higher than any other thing. Nothing will tolerate your carelessness and laziness，” said Xiao Qingzhou， Chairman of the Board of Directors and President of SHG.

This extraordinary great leap forward development of SHG， first of all， arises from the large amount of investments， especially the many new invested projects. Among the invested projects last year， more than 10 are with an investment scale of more than 100 million yuan. Thus far， quite a few of these have already commenced operations; among these are the comprehensive utilization of 400，000 tons of heavy oil， 400，000 tons of coke furnace， 24，000 tons of trimeric cyanamide， and 600，000 carbon dioxide extinguisher bottle bodies. In addition， there are the second phase extension of the thermal power plant and the joint-funded bromide project. The extension projects for annual production of 600，000 tons of soda ash and 80，000 tons of nitrate have been initiated as experimental operations.

For SHG， the increasing of investment is an important measure to seek survival and development. At the end of the 1990s， a wave of mergers surged among Chinese SOEs (state-owned enterprises). As a result， SHG incurred heavy burdens: accepting 20 enterprises that had already stopped production or stopped half production as well as 14，800 employees from the Building Materials Company and the Chemical Industry Company， which led to over-employment and low efficiency. At that time， SHG had to pay the salaries of nearly 27，000 employees with loans from banks. The low operation quality and returns at that time resulted in a 1.2 billion loss and way too many non-performing assets.

Luckily， the 20 newly invested projects over the past three years have all succeeded， turning out the expected goals of high content of science and technology， outstanding scale advantages， and powerful promotion functions.

Nowadays， SHG is energetically engaged in large projects for this year. Through investing more than two billion yuan， SHG is transforming the heavy soda ash production of the old soda ash factory， improving the supportive facilities of the new soda ash factory， and going ahead with the project of 10，000 tons of chlorine alkali， the project of 10，000 tons of PVC， the construction of 50MW power generation sets of the third phase of the thermal power plant， and the 50 tons of coke project of Xuecheng Coke Plant， each of which will require an investment of more than 100 million yuan.

In the past， when mentioning the products of SHG， people would think of salt， alkali， and bromine. The saltworks make salt， and the alkalin factory produces soda ash with salt. Last year， since the price of soda ash dropped by a large margin， compared with the previous year， the price of each ton of soda ash reduced more than 110 yuan， which made the profits of SHG fall sharply by 150 million yuan.

The price changes in the soda ash market present a trough curve. When the price is at the bottom， the returns of the enterprises， inevitably， will fall into the bottom， even incurring the danger of bankruptcy.

“Last year， even under these disadvantageous conditions， SHG realized a rapid and coordinated development. This happy result arises from the adjustment of industrial patterns over the previous year，” said Xiao. “As a direct result of adjustment over the previous years， SHG， while involved in its dominant industry (i.e.， ocean chemicals)， according to its own actual status， has oriented itself to the international and domestic development trend and marketing demands， and has gradually expanded its business scope to include coal chemicals and petrochemicals and is now making every effort to develop them into additional dominant industries.”

Cultivating cooperation with international petrochemical magnates and domestic ocean chemical enterprises to develop the petrochemical industry is another important strategy for SHG to adjust its industrial structure. Previously， SHG had a petrochemical factory engaged in the intensive processing of non-distillate oil. Though possessing professional technologies， this factory only had the annual ability to process 150，000 tons of oil. Therefore， in the previous year， in accordance with relevant state policies that encourage the development of energy resources， the decision-makers of SHG decided to invest 250 million yuan in constructing a plant to process 400，000 tons of heavy oil. At present， the project has been smoothly commenced; and when fully put into operation， this project can increase sales turnover by 800 million yuan every year. Moreover， by relying on the expansion ability of the petrochemical industry， the factory makes it integrated with the ocean chemical industry. The ethane and propane produced by the intensive processing of non-distillate oil， integrated with the chlorine gas produced by the ocean chemical production of chlorine alkali， will produce polychlorovinyl. By 2005， the sales turnover of petrochemicals will hit more than two billion yuan.

Today’s SHG has formed an industrial pattern supported by three dominant industries (salt， coal， and petrochemicals) as the pillars， and five industries as auxiliary supports. The latter include thermal and electric power， tertiary industry， building materials and real estate， chemical industry machinery， and fine chemicals.

SHG lays the emphasis concerning capital operation on attracting overseas investment to accelerate the opening-up and large-scale development. At present， the bromide project jointly funded by SHG and the Dead Sea Bromine Group (DSBG) of Israel has been put into operation. The total investment of this project is 300 million US dollars. In the first phase of engineering， an investment of 30 million US dollars will develop eight kinds of products. After the whole project is put into operation， it will not only make China’s production technologies of bromide reach world advanced level status and earn more foreign currency through export， but also will greatly promote the hi-tech of China’s ocean chemical industry and related industries.

While developing cooperation with DSBG and Itochu Corp. of Japan， SHG is also making every effort to develop cooperation with the world top 500 corporations with a view toward establishing a group of hi-tech joint-ventures. In the previous year， SHG signed 25 agreements on cooperation inclinations and 17 contracts on cooperation， which totaled 970 million yuan of potential investment. Thus far， 320 million yuan have already been invested， and this has energetically promoted the sustained and rapid development of SHG.

At present， among the 40 kinds of major products produced by SHG， more than 30 are exported to more than 40 countries and regions， turning over import and export volume of 127 million US dollars， among which the turnover of export volume is over 100 million US dollars， increasing by 87% and 103% over the previous year， respectively， which turn SHG into the largest modernized base for production and exportation of ocean chemical products nationwide.

During the course of alkali production， SHG can turn out more than eight million tons of waste ammonia liquid and residues every year. During the course of salt production， more than one million tons of halogen is left over every year. If these waste liquids and residues are directly put into the sea， the offshore of the southern Laizhou Bay of the Bohai Sea will be polluted， destroying the survival environment of marine animals.

In order to process these waste residues， SHG specially sets up a factory to process the water products， which not only prevents the waste products from being put into the sea， but also produces more than 100，000 tons of salt every year. Besides， SHG has invested in the setup of a project to produce calcium chloride with waste ammonia liquid， which can process more than two million tons of waste liquid and produce 120，000 tons of calcium chloride every year， 70% of which is exported. With the constant expansion of soda ash production， the volume of waste liquid is accordingly increased.