無公害蔬菜暢銷海內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)

在2002年濰坊市舉辦的“名優(yōu)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)京產(chǎn)銷對(duì)接會(huì)”上，“汶水”牌韭菜，經(jīng)連續(xù)10多次的抽檢監(jiān)測(cè)順利過關(guān)。中央電視臺(tái)等多家新聞媒體對(duì)此進(jìn)行了采訪報(bào)道。高崖無公害韭菜吸引住了愛挑剔的北京人，受到了八里橋等農(nóng)產(chǎn)品批發(fā)市場(chǎng)的關(guān)注，贏得了眾多商家的青睞和信任，在首都刮起了“綠色旋風(fēng)”。

山東省昌樂縣高崖鎮(zhèn)盛產(chǎn)瓜菜，素有“菜窩子”的美稱。其韭菜生產(chǎn)更具有傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，種植面積近1000公頃，是山東省內(nèi)有名的韭菜基地。近幾年高崖鎮(zhèn)積極適應(yīng)中國(guó)加入WTO后農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的新形勢(shì)，把促進(jìn)韭菜產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化升級(jí)作為農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的重點(diǎn)來抓，按照“突出產(chǎn)業(yè)特色，打造品牌產(chǎn)品，形成產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條”的思路，上抓產(chǎn)銷龍頭，下抓示范基地，大力加強(qiáng)協(xié)會(huì)組織建設(shè)，有力地推動(dòng)了全鎮(zhèn)韭菜生產(chǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化進(jìn)程。目前，高崖鎮(zhèn)已建成無公害韭菜標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化示范基地34公頃，1000公頃的北京綠色蔬菜直供基地正在建設(shè)中，“汶水”牌韭菜被國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)部命名為“無公害農(nóng)產(chǎn)品”。

高崖鎮(zhèn)韭菜走標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)的路子，是被市場(chǎng)“逼”出來的。韭菜病蟲害較多，尤其是韭蛆較難防治，傳統(tǒng)防治辦法是利用中毒、高殘留藥物灌根，并配合多種殺菌劑噴霧，進(jìn)行治蛆及防治灰霉病等多種病害。為達(dá)到好的防治效果，通常是超劑量用藥，甚至違禁使用高毒農(nóng)藥，造成韭菜中農(nóng)藥殘留過高，食用后會(huì)導(dǎo)致人體中毒，在市場(chǎng)上一度造成談“韭”色變的恐慌。“種韭菜人都不敢吃韭菜，沒辦法，只能用這種辦法防治病蟲害。”高崖鎮(zhèn)種植韭菜面積最大的官莊村干部龐明海道出了心中的無奈，韭菜市場(chǎng)越來越小，產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨危機(jī)，很多村的群眾開始刨韭菜改種其他作物。

眼看著傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)日漸衰退，鎮(zhèn)政府一班人看在眼里，急在心里，為保住這一辛辛苦苦發(fā)展起來的產(chǎn)業(yè)，這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)進(jìn)行了認(rèn)真調(diào)查研究和分析論證，認(rèn)為要使韭菜產(chǎn)業(yè)重新崛起，必須積極推進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化種植，不斷提高韭菜的質(zhì)量安全水平。于是他們確立了“品牌化發(fā)展，示范化引導(dǎo)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)，基地化帶動(dòng)”的思路，在徐家廟村規(guī)劃建設(shè)了4公頃無公害韭菜示范基地，聘請(qǐng)專家對(duì)土壤結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了化驗(yàn)，制定了韭菜生產(chǎn)規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并嚴(yán)格按照無公害標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)施。為了解決韭蛆危害，他們采用了一種既能改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)，又能防治病蟲害的土壤活化劑，生產(chǎn)出了綠色無公害韭菜，通過了省級(jí)技術(shù)鑒定。

找準(zhǔn)了產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的方向，高崖鎮(zhèn)又圍繞提高質(zhì)量檔次、實(shí)行規(guī)范化管理大做文章。隨著韭菜基地的建設(shè)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，農(nóng)民分散生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)與統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾日益突出。為加強(qiáng)對(duì)韭菜生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)的自我約束和技術(shù)服務(wù)，進(jìn)一步密切產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)之間的聯(lián)系，他們積極借鑒外地經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以示范基地為基礎(chǔ)，按照自愿互助的原則，吸收已進(jìn)園近百戶韭農(nóng)以及鄰近村韭農(nóng)為會(huì)員，創(chuàng)建了無公害韭菜產(chǎn)銷協(xié)會(huì)，制定了協(xié)會(huì)章程，明確了協(xié)會(huì)組織與會(huì)員之間管理與被管理、監(jiān)督與被監(jiān)督、制約與被制約的關(guān)系。協(xié)會(huì)在信息咨詢、規(guī)范經(jīng)營(yíng)、調(diào)解糾紛、利益共享等方面提供服務(wù)，形成了以協(xié)會(huì)組織為龍頭，會(huì)員相互督促、共同發(fā)展的良好局面。

產(chǎn)銷企業(yè)上聯(lián)市場(chǎng)下帶基地和種植戶，是實(shí)施農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的重要載體。高崖鎮(zhèn)依托示范基地，成立了無公害蔬菜配送中心，對(duì)韭菜生產(chǎn)實(shí)行“四統(tǒng)一”管理：統(tǒng)一技術(shù)規(guī)程，統(tǒng)一供應(yīng)生資，統(tǒng)一質(zhì)量檢測(cè)，統(tǒng)一購(gòu)銷。這樣既實(shí)現(xiàn)了優(yōu)質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)，又大大提高了群眾生產(chǎn)無公害韭菜的積極性。如何實(shí)現(xiàn)各環(huán)節(jié)的有機(jī)高效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)？他們嘗試成立韭菜產(chǎn)銷協(xié)會(huì)運(yùn)作模式，收到了良好效果。以基地為基礎(chǔ)，吸收?qǐng)@內(nèi)韭農(nóng)和鄰近韭農(nóng)為會(huì)員，創(chuàng)建組織規(guī)范、互相制約、利益共享的無公害韭菜產(chǎn)銷協(xié)會(huì)，通過制定協(xié)會(huì)章程，簽訂會(huì)員協(xié)議，細(xì)化分解責(zé)權(quán)，規(guī)范生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)行為，調(diào)解利益糾紛，實(shí)現(xiàn)利益共享，為無公害韭菜生產(chǎn)基地健康發(fā)展提供了保障。

高崖鎮(zhèn)通過對(duì)示范基地進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作，已經(jīng)取得了較為明顯的效果。去年基地內(nèi)韭菜生產(chǎn)直接效益普遍翻番。效益的帶動(dòng)，刺激了韭農(nóng)生產(chǎn)積極性，現(xiàn)在又有許多種植戶紛紛請(qǐng)求加入韭菜產(chǎn)銷協(xié)會(huì)，預(yù)計(jì)今年無公害韭菜可以達(dá)到540公頃規(guī)模。無公害韭菜通過認(rèn)證后，現(xiàn)在技術(shù)更加成熟，群眾認(rèn)識(shí)程度進(jìn)一步提高，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量將更有保障。通過綠色認(rèn)證，他們現(xiàn)在又在北京等大中城市的蔬菜市場(chǎng)建立了新的更廣泛的合作關(guān)系，隨著產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的逐步提高，闖入了國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。

Gaoya Town in Changle County of Shandong Province abounds in melons and vegetables and so is popularly known as a veritable “Cornucopia” or “Vegetable Pot.” The planting of Chinese chives is especially famous here. With a plantation area nearly 1，000 hectares， Gaoya is a Chinese chives base famous nationwide.

Following the line of “producing brand name products to form industrial chains，” Gaoya is giving priority to the construction of agricultural demonstration bases， marketing， and sales of Chinese chives， and is also making every effort to establish some industrial associations to accelerate the standardization and industrialization in the cultivation of Chinese chives. Thus far， Gaoya has developed roughly 33 hectares of standard demonstration base for planting Chinese chives， while a base of a 1000 hectares is under construction to raise vegetables for the Beijing market. The “Wenshui” brand of Chinese chives has been chosen by the State Ministry of Agriculture as a “Green” Agricultural Product.

It is the market that enables Gaoya to follow the production line of standardization. Chinese chives are liable to be consumed by pests. The chives maggot is particularly very difficult to prevent. Furthermore， traditional prevention methods usually utilize highly toxic and persistent pesticides to irrigate the roots of the chives， together with many kinds of spray germicidal agent， to prevent the maggots and gray mold that typically prey on Chinese chives.

To effectively prevent the insect pests， an over-dose of pesticide is used too often， and this results in produce which can poison the human bodies of consumers. Thus， no one wanted to buy chives any more. “Even people who planted chives didn’t eat them， since we had no alternative but to adopt this kind of method to prevent insect pests，” said Pang Minghai， a leader from the village of Guangzhuang， which is the largest village in terms of chives planting area in Gaoyao. As a result， when sales decreased， many villagers refused to plant chives any more and turned their attention to planting other kinds of vegetables.

Confronting this crisis， after careful investigation， research， and discussion， the town leaders of Gaoya came to realize that in order to revitalize the chives industry in Gaoya， some standardization of planting must be popularized to constantly promote the quality and safety level of chives. For this purpose， they promulgated new concepts centering around “developing brand name products， directing by demonstration， planting in accordance with standards， and promoting by bases.” To carry forward this line， the town government planned and constructed a “green” chives demonstration base with an area of four hectares in the village of Xujiamiao. In this base， through employing specialists to test the soil structure， the regulations and standards concerning “green” chives planting were carefully formulated. To prevent the chives maggot pest， they utilize a kind of active agent in the soil， which not only improves the soil structure but also prevent the pest， thus producing “green” chives.

During an agricultural fair to introduce famous and quality products sold to Beijing， which was held by Weifang City several times， beginning in early 2002， the “Wenshui” brand Chinese chives smoothly passed the random tests. Many news media， including CCTV， reported this news. So nowadays， the “green” chives planted in Gaoya have won the trust and favor from both traders and the consumers of Beijing people， who are known to be quite fastidious in choosing items to grace their home dining room tables.