
作為菏澤市的主要決策者,中共菏澤市委書記陳光對“突破菏澤”有著其他人所沒有的特殊的感受。一個多月來,圍繞這項決策,陳光開始勾畫一個新的菏澤。他形容自己的感受是:壓力異常之大,壓得喘不過氣來。“號角已經吹響,決戰已經開始。菏澤已經沒有退路,只有背水一戰。”
菏澤最后的機遇
記者:你如何認識“突破菏澤”這項重大戰略的意義?
陳光:“突破”說明難度大、困難多、決心大、意義大。站在中共山東省委、省政府的角度,這是個大手筆,是實踐“三個代表”、立黨為公、執政為民的具體體現。貧窮就沒有說服力和號召力,只有解決菏澤欠發達的現狀,才能使政府立信于民,從而推動全省的更快發展。在這個決策中,真正體現了科學的發展觀。東西部區域經濟的協調發展是社會可持續發展的必要條件,改革開放初期提出“讓一部分地區、一部分人先富起來”,實行傾斜政策,支持東部地區富了起來。現在國家開始加快西部地區的開發,具體到山東,突破菏澤也是為了東西部的協調發展。
“突破菏澤”對全國也有重要的意義。首先是政府行為與市場經濟的有機結合問題,市場經濟下政府是引導,重要的是依靠市場實現多贏。其次是在市場經濟下,發達地區與欠發達地區的互動問題,即如何搞好協調發展。再次是西部干部的配置問題。西部要搞好,要依靠當地的干部群眾,合理配置干部對西部的發展具有關鍵的作用。
記者:剛結束不久的“加快菏澤發展現場辦公會”給菏澤帶來了什么?
陳光:會一開,勢一造,高潮一掀,真是群情振奮啊。特別是老百姓,簡直就像看到了菏澤的春天。會后這些天,許多老干部見了我都說,老陳啊,這回是真事咧。我在“加快發展誓師大會上”說:貧窮落后是壓在菏澤人民頭上的一座大山,菏澤廣大干部群眾長期以來一直忍受著貧窮落后帶來的屈辱和痛苦,盼富思變的愿望異常強烈,孜孜追求文明富裕,夢寐以求甩掉貧窮落后的帽子,現在,號角已經吹響,決戰已經開始。
這次現場辦公會給菏澤帶來了改革開放的活力、加倍工作的推動力,給縣域經濟帶來了拉動力,給加快工業化進程帶來了助動力,給增加農民收入帶來了支持力。省委、省政府給菏澤確定的“三個明顯”、“三個高于”、“一個新臺階”、“一個新跨越”的奮斗目標,是最大的給予。實實在在地講,我們目前感受到的主要也是精神的力量。“突破菏澤”的提出給我們帶來了最現實、最重要也是最后的一次機遇,如果我們再喪失機遇,就是喪失菏澤的明天,就會成為不可饒恕的罪人。這些話聽起來有些過頭,可是如果了解菏澤的現實狀況,就一點也不過分了。
內外結合求突破
記者:“突破菏澤”的目標和要求是什么?
陳光:現場辦公會給菏澤定下了“三三一一”的目標。
“三個明顯”,就是經濟發展速度要明顯加快,經濟綜合實力要明顯增強,經濟運行質量要明顯提高;
“三個高于”,就是GDP的增幅要高于全省平均增長幅度,固定資產投資增幅要高于全省平均增幅,農民人均純收入增幅要高于全省平均增幅;
“一個新臺階”,就是城市規劃建設管理水平要上一個新臺階,要成為魯蘇豫皖四省交界處的區域中心城市;
“一個新跨越”,就是國民經濟實現超常規、跨越式發展,到2007年本屆市委、市政府任期滿的時候,菏澤的GDP在2002年的基礎上翻一番,由250億元達到500億元,二、三產業的比重達到80%以上。
說到底,就是要求菏澤“超常規”發展。不脫幾層皮、掉幾斤肉,這個目標是很難實現的。
記者:你認為“突破菏澤”的突破口在什么地方?
陳光:“冰凍三尺非一日之寒”,菏澤落后不是短時間的問題,所以在落實上不能平均用力,必須選擇突破口。我們的思路很明確,就是“解放思想、更新觀念,深化改革、擴大開放,突出重點、工業立市”,突破口就是要借助外力,啟動內力,增加投入,上項目,辦企業,加強工業的發展。現在巨野煤田正在開發,兗礦來了,華潤發電廠已開工建設,荷蘭焦化廠項目也已達成意向,像這么一批幾十億上百億的項目引進來,菏澤就會是另一番景象。
記者:在目前現有的條件下,該如何啟動內力?
陳光:“突破”不是說給大項目,給多少錢,給優惠政策。給的是一股強勁的東風,給了干部強大的壓力,給了老百姓信心和斗志。怎樣啟動內部活力?首先是推進思想的大解放和觀念的大更新。要看到菏澤的區位優勢,看到菏澤豐富的自然資源,看到菏澤的巨大發展潛力,看到經過十幾年積累的基礎建設條件,看到我們千載難逢的戰略機遇,看到廣大干部群眾盼富求變的強烈愿望。
省委、省政府領導在現場會上也說,啟動菏澤發展的內在活力,必須堅持深化改革,消除影響發展的體制障礙。所以,只要是符合“三個有利于”標準的,只要是有利于菏澤發展的,看準了的事情就先干起來。怎么干?關鍵在改革創新,只要是為了事業發展,只要方向正確,只要主流是好的,個別方面出現點問題無關緊要。對于基層的創新,一時看不準的,不點頭可以,但不要輕易搖頭,看一看,成功的就總結推廣,有問題就進一步完善。現場會開了,差距也找到了,現在就是撕開口子,沖上去干的時候了,這就是戰場,誰還在那里左顧右盼、慢慢悠悠,“槍子”就專打誰。菏澤的干部不能搞平衡,不能當實習生,必須立馬就干,不能干就下。
記者:在經濟發展上,菏澤的潛力在哪里?
陳光:菏澤是農業大市,必須在此基礎上尋求發展與突破。現在,菏澤的縣域經濟集中體現在棉花生產與加工、木材加工、牛羊肉加工三大產業,已經初具規模,成了優勢和特色。這三大產業特色突出的鄆城縣,明年就可進入全省第一梯隊。
經濟結構不合理是菏澤經濟的最大癥結,菏澤要實現跨越式發展,必須把結構調整作為經濟工作的重中之重,努力調優調減第一產業,做大做強第二產業,創新搞活第三產業。我們要建設全省重要的優質綠色農副產品加工基地,著力點是抓畜牧和食品加工業、林業和林產品加工業、高檔果蔬花卉業三大亮點;要建設商貿流通基地,著力點是抓好菏澤口岸建設、輻射全國的大型專業批發市場建設和物流配送中心建設三大亮點;要建設山東省重要的能源化工基地,著力點是抓好煤炭能源綜合開發、石油天然氣綜合開發、精細化工產品綜合開發三大亮點。
在轉移農村勞動力方面,菏澤有農村勞動力400萬,剩余200萬,菏澤的勞務輸出大有文章可做。菏澤一方面要搞城鄉統籌,還要搞區域統籌。目前已經建立起了特色勞務市場,重點打造保安、家政、園藝三大品牌。去年從菏澤轉移出去了93萬人,今后三年內,省政府再幫助我們轉移60萬人,我相信出去的人不僅有工作做,有飯吃,還能帶回來資金、技術、管理經驗,對菏澤的發展是有巨大促進作用的。
轉變觀念促發展
記者:你總結菏澤發展時曾提到觀念落后,具體體現在哪些方面?
陳光:自上世紀90年代中期,菏澤的經濟就徘徊不前,然而,就是面對這樣一個無可辯駁且令人尷尬的現實,有些人就是不承認,說起話來“牛氣”沖天:“別看我們工業不行,農業不比他們差。”當然也有承認落后的,但一說起落后的原因,又成了“怨氣”,都是上級政策的錯——不給傾斜政策,不投入,怎么能不欠發達?隨之是“喪氣”,許多人看不到菏澤的潛力與希望,喪失發展的勇氣和信心。有人公開講:菏澤是跟不上了,克林頓來當市長也沒用!
總體上說,菏澤的干部是好的,但也存在這樣那樣的問題。首先是工作標準太低,辦法少,不敢碰硬。東部干部干工作常常是這樣的:領導交代了十分,他自己會用十二分的措施、二十四分的干勁去抓落實,由于種種困難和問題,他能干到七分、八分;而我們菏澤的有些干部,你布置十分,他就琢磨:先等等看看再說,別看上邊說得硬,這個事情沒法辦。結果回去定目標的時候就照著五六分定,能干成二三分就算不錯的。有的時候要催上三遍五遍,他才有反應,“看樣子這事還真得干”,然后才見動靜。
還有的人作風十分漂浮。你開會布置個事,他回去把文件往桌上一放,下級問他怎么辦,他讓人家看著辦。匯報起來總是“差不多”、“大概”,工作不細致,鉆不下去。這里邊有文化的原因、氛圍的原因、用人導向的原因,我認為主要還是教育不夠,放任自流;約束不夠,缺少批評與監督;激勵不夠,沒有調動起干真事的積極性。看到了這些差距,就是看到了我們的潛力,改了它,就是潛力的發揮。
記者:菏澤準備如何解決這個問題?
陳光:首先是不間斷地教育動員。現場會后的1個月里,我們組織召開了兩次全市范圍的動員大會:一個是加快發展誓師大會,一個是全市干部作風集中教育整頓活動動員大會,主要目的是進一步轉變干部群眾的思想觀念,統一思想認識,明確任務目標,把全市的精力都凝聚到加快菏澤發展上來 ,實現“突破菏澤”的目標。在突破期間,要嚴格考核獎懲制度,抓一批典型,有好的也有壞的,通過考核獎懲考出壓力、考出干勁、考出好的作風和成效。
記者:你認為菏澤的突破大體需要多長時間?
陳光:當年我們就能見成效,3年就很好看,5年見大成效。比如說投入,2003年我們共投入了162億元,從目前的進度和配套資金進入情況看,2004年投資增幅達到100%是沒有問題的。從GDP看,2003年菏澤的增長是12.3%,處于一個快速增長期,特別是農民收入高于全省增幅。菏澤正處于工業化初期,這個時期恰恰屬于投資拉動期和高速發展期,有了外資的投入和內部活力的啟動,菏澤的超常規發展是可以預期的。
As the key decision maker of Heze City, Chen Guang, the secretary of the CPC Heze Municipal Committee, has a special sense concerning the decision “Breaking through Heze,” which has been carried forward by the provincial government. Over the previous month, centering round this strategic decision, Chen has been making blueprints for a new Heze. He says that “the pressure to make this successful” is too heavy to give him time to catch his breath. “The clarion call has been sounded to commence the battle: Heze cannot retreat, but must put up a desperate fight.”
Reporter (R): What do you think about the significance of the great strategic decision of “Breaking though Heze?”
Chen Guang (Chen): “Breaking through” means difficulties, determination, and great significance. Seen from the viewpoint of the provincial government, this is a grand decision to serve the people by practicing the “Three Represents Theory.” (The party should always represent the requirements of the development of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.)
Poverty attracts no one. Only changing the undeveloped status of Heze can make the government of Heze trusted by the people and promote the rapid development of the whole country. So the decision of “Breaking through Heze” gives expression to the ideology of scientific development. The coordinated regional economic development of the eastern and western areas of Shandong is a necessary condition for the sustainable development of Shandong’s economy.
During the early period of China’s reform and opening-up, the central government promulgated a policy to “enable some people and some regions to become rich first,” and this was successful in improving incomes in the eastern regions. Now, the central government is speeding up the development of the western regions. In Shandong, “Breaking through Heze” also has the broader aim of promoting the coordinated development of the eastern and western areas of Shandong Province.
In addition, “Breaking through Heze” has important significance for the whole country. First of all, this is a flexible combination of exercising governmental powers within the developing market economy. [In western countries, it is often thought that the market should operate by itself, without much government regulation or interference, but here in China, we believe that] the government should play a guiding role to ensure that a “win-win” result for all concerned parties is achieved by the workings of the market.
Secondly, in a market economy, and especially in China today, how to deal with the coordination of and balance between developed and the undeveloped regions is a major concern. Thirdly, the allocation of cadres in the western regions. To develop the western region, we must rely on the local cadres and masses. The reasonable allocation of cadres plays an important function on the development of the western region.
R: What has the recently concluded “On-the-Spot Working Conference on Speeding up the Development of Heze” brought for Heze?
Chen: This on-the-spot working conference has brought about vitality for Heze’s further reform and opening-up and power for further work. It also has brought about power for the development of the county regional economy, the speeding-up of the industrialization process, and the impetus to increase the income of farmers.
Shandong’s provincial government has determined a working goal for Heze, which comprises “Three Remarkables,” “Three Highers,” “One New Step,” and “One New Great Leap Forward.” This is the most powerful support for Heze. Honestly speaking my mind at present, what we feel most is strong spiritual support from the provincial government. “Breaking through Heze” has brought for us a most realistic, most important, and yet a final opportunity. If we lose this opportunity, we will lose Heze’s tomorrow and become the persons held up to infamy through the ages. My words sound overwhelming. However, if you know the current status of Heze today, they are not overwhelming at all.
R: What are the goals and requirements for “Breaking through Heze?”
Chen: The on-the-spot working conference set a “3-3-1-1” goal for Heze.
First, the “Three Remarkables” means a remarkable speeding-up of economic development, a remarkable growth of comprehensive economic strength, and a remarkable promotion of the quality of economic operations.
Second, the “Three Highers” means that the growth rate of our GDP should be higher than the average growth rate within the whole province; the increase of fixed assets investment should be higher than the average in the province; and the increase of pure income per capita of the farmers should be higher than average.
Third, “One New Step” means that the overall level of city planning, construction and management should be promoted to “One New Step,” turning Heze into a major center city connecting the neighboring provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui.
Fourth, “One New Great Leap Forward” means that the macro economy of Heze should quickly realize extraordinary development. In 2007, the term of office of the current government will be over; and our intention is that the GDP of Heze will double from 25 billion yuan in 2002 to 50 billion yuan in 2006, while secondary and tertiary industries will account for 80% of the total.
R: In terms of economic development, where do Heze’s chief potentials lie?
Chen: At present, Heze’s advantageous economic power is concentrated on cotton production and processing, timber processing, and beef and mutton processing, which have formed initial scales of success with advantages and special characteristics.
We will construct large bases to promote commerce and trade. For example, we will concentrate on the construction of land ports, large scale professional wholesale markets, and logistics centers radiating in all directions nationwide. We will also construct important bases for energy resources and the chemical industry; and these will concentrate on the comprehensive development of our coal, oil, and natural gas resources, as well as fine chemical products.