如何給閱讀理解文章配備標題

給閱讀理解文章配備標題是高考英語閱讀理解重要內容，它考查考生對閱讀文章全面的、深層的、準確的理解，筆者認為給閱讀文章配備標題應注意下列幾點：

請先看下列幾篇閱讀理解文章。

1

Insurance means to protect against a loss of money. Most people can plan their money so that their income will cover expected expenses such as food， clothing， housing and public services. But there is no way to know in advance who will suffer a crisis ( 危機)such as a serious illness， fire， flood or a car accident. Such crisis usually result in great expense. Even if people could predict( 預見) crisis it would be hard to save enough money to cover inthe expenses. Insurance is a system by which a company collects money from many people and then pays certain expenses. Whenever one of those insured persons is faced with a certain crisis. There are many different kinds of insurance， including hospital， motorcar and fire. Insurance can be rather expensive but most people buy insurance of some kind. Insurance is something that people buy and hope they will never need.

The best title for the passage is ______.

A. Crisis Prevention

B. The Value Of Insurance

C. Life Crisis

D. How To Insure

2

A woman who was a student at the Central Conservatory of Music killed herself in Beijing for a money-changing deal getting into trouble.

The 33-year-old graduate student in folk music was found dead in her bedroom on August 14 during summer vacation.

She had written to a friend that she wanted to die because she found her life makes no sense .

She probablyjoined a money deal and couldn’t return a large amount of money that she had proposed to change into hard currency， sources said.

They said she had been asked to exchange 30，000 yuan into US dollars for actors going to perform in East Europe last year.

She seemed to have been cheated in the money deal. She was supposed to pay back the whole sum but was able to return only 10，000 yuan.

A school official said some students had joined in changing money though they had known it was against the law.

The best headline for the above news story is _______.

A. A Woman Was Cheated

B. Deal Fails， Student Dies

C. Student Found Dead

D. A Lesson For Us All

一、標題配備應具有高度的概括性

任何閱讀文章的標題都必須覆蓋閱讀文章的主要內容，它是閱讀文章主要內容的濃縮，必須反映閱讀文章的主題思想或主旨文意，讀者一看到閱讀文章的標題，就可以預測文章將介紹什么，并圍繞什么角度去介紹。

第1篇閱讀文章標題配備題答案應為Ｂ，因為這篇文章主要介紹了人們用保險的手段來避險的原因和保險的作用及種類，總之它向讀者介紹了保險在避險上的價值；備選項C不具概括性，因為該文主要不是介紹生活中的危機；備選項D也是錯誤的，因為全文也不著重介紹人們如何辦理保險。

第2篇閱讀文章標題配備題答案應為B，因為它主要介紹了一個女學生在兌換貨幣的交易中受騙遭損而被迫自殺。備選項D不具概括性，因為全文沒有介紹如何吸取教訓。

二、標題配備應具有強烈的針對性

除了具有高度的概括性外，閱讀文章的標題還必須具備強烈的針對性，因為標題太過于概括，太過于籠統，就會無所指而失去針對性。當標題失去針對性時，讀者看到這個標題就無法了解這篇文章究竟會講什么，因為根據這種標題寫出來的文章可能會很多，讀者當然無法知道這篇文章究竟會圍繞什么角度來寫。

第一篇閱讀文章的標題配備題備選項A不具針對性，因為以“Crisis Prevention”為題，讀者不知道文章介紹的是哪一種危機預防手段，因為可以預防危機的手段較多，不一定非得辦保險不可。

第二篇閱讀文章的標題配備題備選項A不具針對性，因為以“A Woman Was Cheated”為題可以寫出來的文章較多，讀者不知道這個女子在什么角度受騙，受騙的程度怎么樣；備選項C不具備針對性，因為以“Student Found Dead” 為題，讀者不知道學生為什么死亡，文章的主題和文意就不明確。

三、標題配備應具有一定的醒目性

標題的配備除具有高度的概括性、強烈的針對性之外 ，還應具有一定的醒目性，即標題本身對讀者目光的吸引性。標題應具有一定的美感，這種標題或意境雋永，意味深長，或結構對稱，富有美感，或立意創新，出乎讀者意料又在于情理之中，如第二篇閱讀文章的標題為“ Deal Fails， Students Dies”這個標題，意義簡潔明確，結構對稱平衡，富有強烈的美感，吸引讀者將全文一氣呵成地讀完，可以說這個標題具有了一定的醒目性。