蔣孝嚴贛州尋根

上世紀40年代，蔣經國先生在贛州施展著他的政治抱負，也在贛州孕育了蔣孝嚴、蔣孝慈一雙骨肉。半個多世紀過去后，作為蔣氏后裔的蔣孝嚴，情戀故土，念念不忘孕育了他生命的土地——

贛州（1997年贛南撤地設市改稱贛州）是一塊神奇的土地，古往今來無數有識之士為它書寫了一幅又一幅濃墨重彩的歷史篇章，蔣經國先生就是其中之一，他是對贛州歷史產生過重大影響的人物。

根在贛州

蔣孝嚴的母親章亞若，以其多才多藝、活潑大方和善解人意，在蔣經國推行新贛南建設時擔任贛南專署的秘書。贛南的神山秀水孕育了蔣孝嚴、蔣孝慈這對雙胞胎，但作為這對雙胞胎慈母的章亞若在蔣氏家族中卻沒有名分，這就注定了這對孿生兄弟今后的人生將充滿坎坷和曲折。

1942年春節，孕中的章亞若輾轉至桂林后生下了這對各三斤多重的雙胞胎。蔣經國給遠在異地的兒子取名為“大毛”、“小毛”，得知此事后的蔣介石也欣喜地按蔣家的“孝”字輩，將其改取為“孝嚴”、“孝慈”，但他們只能姓章，不能姓蔣。

在孝嚴、孝慈兄弟出生才7個多月的日子，母親章亞若因患小疾被一支洋針奪去了年輕的生命。孝嚴、孝慈的童年是在江西的萬安和南昌度過的，1949年4月他們又從南昌轉至臺灣。讀高中時，外婆才將兄弟倆傳奇的身世告訴了他們。

在那段塵封的日子，兄弟倆忍受了常人不能想象的精神折磨，最難以忍受的是不能對近在身旁主政臺灣的親生父親叫一聲“爸爸”。忍辱負重的孝嚴、孝慈，硬是依靠刻苦的努力和自勉，后來一個任臺灣東吳大學校長，一個步入政界在中國國民黨任中央常務委員。

1988年蔣經國先生病重彌留之際，口中含混不清地一直在呼喚著一個名字“亞若——亞若——亞若”。這該是怎樣一種深藏于胸的刻骨銘心的生死之戀啊!在蔣經國先生過世后的第四天，孝嚴、孝慈兄弟倆被安排在醫院停放父親的遺體前，見到了親生父親的最后一面。由此，一夜之間兄弟倆的真實身份被媒體炒得沸沸揚揚，此后有關其母親之死的種種猜測和版本竟有40多種。所有這一切，燃燒起兄弟倆回故鄉尋根覓祖的強烈愿望。

2002年，蔣孝嚴終于回到浙江奉化認祖歸宗。盡管這個家于他來說是那么陌生，然而樹高千丈葉落歸根，他終于走進了浙江奉化溪口行祭祖大禮，走進了桂林市郊生母章亞若墓地含著熱淚行三拜九叩之大禮，并走進了少小離家老大回的故土南昌，走進贛州，他要在這塊孕育了他們生命的土地上尋根！不過十分遺憾的是，蔣孝慈此前突然腦溢血，英年早逝，沒有隨同蔣孝嚴共走尋根之路。

2003年10月18日，蔣孝嚴偕夫人黃美倫踏上了贛州的土地，贛州市市長在博德山莊為這位特殊的客人接風洗塵。見到家鄉的父老鄉親，蔣孝嚴的心情很不平靜，他激動地說：“贛州是我一直想來的地方，我早就應該到先父居住過、奮斗過的地方來多走走，多看看。先父和先母是在贛州定情的，這是孕育我生命的地方。”蔣孝嚴登上了宋代古城墻，先后參觀了八境臺、郁孤臺和蔣經國舊居。在蔣經國舊居，蔣孝嚴停留的時間最久，他神情凝重，久久地站在母親那幅典雅秀美的黑白老照片面前凝視著，那一刻，神情十分莊重，直至講解員娓娓解說的聲音已經打住了，蔣孝嚴夫婦還一往情深地注視著母親這幅年輕美麗的照片。

位于贛州古城墻邊的蔣經國先生舊居，是贛州市保持完好的一處歷史舊址，經過贛州政府部門的修繕、維護，舊址的周圍建起了花園和假山，還依照蔣經國先生生前愛好建起了一方菜園。蔣孝嚴夫婦在舊居內頻頻合影，在父親親手種下的白玉蘭樹下，蔣孝嚴揮毫寫下了“千絲萬縷情，海枯石爛堅”十個字，這十個字滿含了蔣孝嚴63年中對父親和母親難以言表的種種感情：敬仰、崇拜、思念、眷戀，當然也有哀怨和凄苦……這些復雜感情只有親歷者才能品味出其中的酸甜苦辣。

在這座親人曾經居住過的古老城市，蔣孝嚴還參觀了米汁巷原江西省第四行政督察署專員公署；在大新開路章亞若舊居前，蔣孝嚴面對慕名而來的鄉親們動情地說：“鄉親們好，我是蔣孝嚴，我是蔣經國的兒子，當年我的母親就住在這里?！笔堑?，遠方歸來的游子終于回到了親人身邊，終于圓了一個深藏在心中長達半個多世紀的夢！

走進“蔣經國研究所”

虎崗兒童新村是蔣經國先生在贛州的另一舊居，蔣孝嚴對父親在建設新贛南中推行的一套教育模式頗有興趣。蔣經國在他轄區的11個縣都設有中學，每一個鄉都設有中心小學，每一個保(村)都建了保學，他還舉辦了多期青干培訓班和新贛南經濟建設干部培訓班及青年夏令營。當時這套完整的教育體系和教育思想被專家評為江西的贛州，世界的贛州，是現代化的教育模式。

蔣孝嚴見父親的舊居保存得如此完好，十分感激贛州市政府為此所做的一切，尤其是參觀了贛南師院“蔣經國研究所”之后，蔣孝嚴的感激之情更是溢于言表。

蔣經國研究所創辦于1991年，研究所收集了大量蔣經國當年主政贛南時的史料文物。所長方世藻向蔣孝嚴先生介紹了研究所情況后，翻出了所里珍藏的大量圖片和資料堆在蔣孝嚴面前讓他過目，蔣孝嚴先生睹物思人，那一刻在場者透過鏡片，清楚地看見蔣孝嚴先生的眼睛里噙滿淚水。蔣孝嚴先生沒有想到，贛南的父老鄉親對其父生前事跡這么重視，對他的研究這么有成果，然而主政臺灣的蔣經國先生在臺灣卻沒有一個這樣專門的研究機構！激情中蔣孝嚴先生即興揮筆為蔣經國研究所題寫了“尊重歷史，放眼未來”幾個大字。當他聽說贛南師院正在籌建“蔣經國在贛南陳列館”時，蔣孝嚴先生當即表示他不但愿為展覽館提供自己保存的資料，而且可從國民黨中央委員會提供資料給研究所。

四個月后的2004年2月，贛州市教育考察團一行到了臺灣，蔣孝嚴得知后特意從美國趕回來。他剛下飛機就迫不及待地與大家見面，再次暢敘家鄉事，細說故鄉情，敘談中，雙方重又暢敘了蔣經國在贛州的種種往事。

游子對根的情結

贛南師院“蔣經國研究所”目前正在籌辦的“蔣經國在贛南陳列館”，將用三個展廳分別展出“戰云下崛起的贛南”、“除暴安良創建和諧贛南”、“戰時建設在贛南”等12個部分。這些歷史照片是經過研究所人員20多年的收集和艱苦跋涉深入鄉間拍攝得來的。這些圖片形象直觀地再現了1939年6月至1945年7月，蔣經國任江西省第四行政督察員兼保衛司令的6年期間，全面推行的建設新贛南的歷史畫卷。

蔣經國先生建設新贛南的8年計劃是一個未竟的事業，蔣孝嚴先生希望今日贛州經濟騰飛，文明程度提高。

就像綠葉對根的依戀，贛州早已在蔣孝嚴心中刻下了深深的烙印，這是一種親情的牽掛和思念。一年半后的2005年5月20日，擔任中國臺商發展協會理事長的蔣孝嚴偕夫人應邀再次來到贛州，參加贛州臺資企業協會成立大會。人們從他匆匆的步履中足以看到他對贛州的特殊感情。他又一次去了母親章亞若的舊居和父親蔣經國的舊居，他又一次去尋覓已經遠逝的溫馨，去品味一直深藏的那份親情。這一次回贛州，蔣孝嚴被隆重地聘為“蔣經國研究所”名譽所長，他說，這是他此次行程中最快樂最開心的事情。

繼贛州臺資企業協會成立之后的同年9月13日，蔣孝嚴先生登上了廬山，一年中兩度來到江西的蔣孝嚴先生在遠離贛州的廬山之巔，在演講中長時間熱情洋溢地介紹了贛州這幾年來在城市基礎建設和市容市貌上的巨大變化。他深情地說：“我對江西是有感情的，對贛州更有感情，贛州是生父生母相知相愛的地方，是先父奮斗過的地方，我已經把那里當成了自己的故鄉自己的根?！笔Y孝嚴先生熱情洋溢地介紹了贛州這幾年來城市基礎設施和市容市貌的巨大變化，他期望、鼓勵更多的臺商來參與贛州的發展，他在用拳拳赤子之心力盡所能地回報對祖國大陸的骨肉之情。

筆者采訪中得知：贛南師院將與有關單位合作，籌備一場以“蔣經國與20世紀的中國”為主題的國際學術研討會；蔣孝嚴先生情系桑梓，也在積極推動兩岸的合作，積極促進兩岸經濟貿易的交流和包機直航。

Chiang Seeks Roots in Ganzhou

By Gong Yinghua

In the 1940s， Chiang Kai-shek’s son Chiang Ching-kuo (1910-1988) pursued his political ambition in southern Jiangxi. He formulated and implemented an 8-year plan to introduce a modern social system into the backward rural part of the inland province. It was during his stay there that he fathered twin brothers Chiang Hsiao-yen (a.k.a. John Chiang) and Chiang Hsiao-tzu (a.k.a. Winston Chiang). The twins were born in Guilin in southern China in 1942.

The mother of the twin brothers was Chang Ya-juo， a secretary of the Gannan prefecture administration headed by Chiang Ching-kuo. Chiang Kai-shek was happy with the two new babies and gave the two grandsons the generation name Hsiao in their given names. However， as Chiang Ching-kuo was married， Chang as the mother of the twins born out of wedlock was not accepted by the Chiang Clan. She died in a medical accident when her sons were only seven months old. The twin brothers were raised by their uncle and aunt in Jiangxi Province and therefore took their mother and uncle’s family name Chang as their surname. In April， 1949， the twins moved to Taiwan with their uncle and aunt. It was not until in their senior high school years that the twins?maternal grandmother told them the legendary truth of their family. It was kept as secret for decades. Winston Chiang later became president of Taiwan Soochow University and John Chiang pursued a political career.

Chiang Ching-kuo passed away in 1988. Four days after his demise， the brothers were allowed to pay their last respects to their dead father at the hospital. It was under such unfortunate circumstances that their relation with the Chiang family was made public officially. The island media looked into their past and local tabloids came up with more than 40 sensational versions about how their mother had died. All this fired their desire more to seek their roots on the mainland.

Unfortunately Chiang Hsiao-tzu suffered a stroke in 1994 while visiting Beijing for academic purposes before he was able to visit his roots in southern Jiangxi province.

Though Chiang Hsiao-yen had first visited Xikou， Fenghua in 2000， it was not until 2005 that he came back to the village of Xikou officially as a descendent of the Chiang Clan. It was in the same year that he changed his surname from her mother’s surname Chang to his father’s surname Chiang， 63 years after he was born. Xikou was the home village where his father and grandfather were born. He attended a memorial ceremony there in memory of his father and grandfather， signifying his official admission into the Chiang clan. After visiting his mother’s tomb in Guilin， he visited Nanchang， capital city of Jiangxi Province and Gannan where their father once worked.

In October 2003， John Chiang and his wife set foot on the soil of Ganzhou， renamed from Gannan Prefecture in 1997.It was during this visit that the couple re-experienced the past they had never seen before. They visited the city of Ganzhou， an ancient walled city built in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). They visited his father’s two former residences in the city and the site of the former prefecture government. They also toured the scenic spots around the ancient city. During his administration in southern Jiangxi Province， Chiang Ching-kuo established a modern education system based on modern education theories. Under the system， each of the eleven counties under the prefecture had a middle school， each town had a central elementary school， and each village had an elementary school. Even today， education experts confirm that it was one of the best education systems in the country during that time. Chiang Hsiao-yen is very proud of his father’s achievements in Gannan.

Founded in 1991， the Chiang Ching-kuo Research Institute on the campus of Gannan Teachers College keeps a large quantity of historical documents and other records of Chiang’s political undertakings in the area. With tears welling into his eyes， Chiang Hsiao-yen was touched to see so many documents and relics of his father’s past there. Many photos had been taken or collected by researchers over a period of twenty years. After learning that the college was going to set up a museum on his father’s reform in Gannan during the wartime， Chiang Hsiao-yen said he would donate some exhibits. He also promised that the KMT in Taiwan would also contribute some historical documents and photographs to the museum.

In February 2004， a delegation of educational experts from Ganzhou visited Taiwan. Chiang Hsiao-yen flew from the United States to meet the delegation and chatted about the city’s past and his link with the Chiang family’s roots there.

The museum， under construction now， will comprise twelve sections in three halls， demonstrating the overall remarkable social progress， economic development and crackdown on criminals under Chiang Ching-kuo’s leadership in southern Jiangxi from June 1936 to July， 1945.

Though Chiang Ching-kuo’s eight-year plan for the area was incomplete due to wartime difficulties and his new appointment as mayor of Shanghai after World War II， his son Chiang Hsiao-yen is now determined to help revive the memory of his father’s undertakings there and assist the takeoff of the local economy.

In May， 2005， he and his wife came to Ganzhou again. On this trip， he took part in the celebrating ceremony for the founding of the Association of Taiwan-financed Businesses in Ganzhou and revisited the former residences of his parents. And he was invited as honorary director of the Chiang Ching-kuo Research Institute.

(Translated by David)